Ekološka ocena emisije gasova staklene bašte iz proizvodnje brojlera u centralnom regionu Rusije

With an estimated rise in poultry production and consumption of chicken meat in Russia by 9% up to 2022, as well as development of self-sustainable poultry production, the need has arisen for environmental assessment of this production, and within it especially greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission assessment. The goal of this work is to show a calculation procedure for obtaining estimations for the carbon footprint of the 1 kg of live chicken at the farm gate, taking into account regional typological features of agricultural production in agro-ecosystems. The methodology of carbon footprint (CF) calculation is based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, and on IAGRICO2 calculator, developed for agriculture products. Results have shown that in modern technology of poultry farming, 5.79 kg CO2 e was emitted on average per kg of body mass, and that about 47% of emission was from manure, around 27.5% from crop production (fuel and fertiliser) and 25.5% from fuel and energy needed for heating, sanitation and feeding of chickens. The main distinction of Central Russia is low efficiency of the fertiliser application on crop fields and manure management, storage and utilisation, which has as a result high emissions of the nitrous oxide. This is the field where the implementation of the intensive technologies of precise farming, manure handling, utilisation and management will significantly decrease GHG emission, with preserving yield of crops and quantity and quality of chicken meat.Sa očekivanim porastom proizvodnje u živinarstvu i povećanjem korišćenja pilećeg mesa u Rusiji od 9% do 2022. godine, kao i sa državnom politikom Ruske Federacije o kompletnoj samodovoljnosti u proizvodnji hrane, a naročito živinskog mesa, nastala je potreba za ocenom uticaja živinarstva na životnu sredinu, a posebno emisiju gasova staklene ba te. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati proceduru izračunavanja ugljenikovog otiska (engl. carbon footprint) za 1 kg žive mase na kraju tova brojlera, uzimajući u obzir regionalne tipološke osobine poljoprivredne proizvodnje u agroekosistemima. Metodologija proračuna ugljenikovog otiska bazirana je na metodologiji ocene životnog ciklusa (engl. Life Cycle Analysis - LCA), i na kalkulatoru IAGRICO2, prilagođenom poljoprivrednim proizvodima. Rezultati su pokazali da se u modernoj tehnologiji živinarstva, u proseku emituje 5,79 kg CO2 ekvivalenta po kg telesne mase, te da je oko 47 emisije poreklom iz stajnjaka, oko 27, od proizvodnje useva (upotreba goriva i đubriva) i 25,5%, od goriva i energije potrebne za grejanje, i čišćenje i hranjenje pilića. Glavna odlika centralnog regiona evropske Rusije je niska efikasnost primene azotnih đubriva na poljima, kao i upravljanje skladištenjem i primenom stajnjaka, to ima za posledicu velike količine emitovanog azot-suboksida. Ovo predstavlja polje u kojem bi implementacija intenzivnih tehnologija precizne poljoprivrede i skladištenja i primene stajnjaka mogla značajno smanjiti emisiju gasova staklene bašte, sa očuvanjem prinosa poljoprivrednih kultura i količine i kvaliteta pilećeg mesa

Environmental assessment of greenhouse gases emission from sheep breeding in Vojvodina region of Serbia

The aim of this work is to show a calculation procedure for obtaining estimations for the carbon footprint of 1 kg of live weight of ewe, ram and lamb at the farm gate, taking into account regional typological features of agricultural production in agroecosystems. The methodology of carbon footprint (CF) calculation is based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology developed for agricultural products. Results revealed that in modern technology of sheep breeding, 21.41 kg CO2 e was emitted on average per kg of body weight of ewe, 19.13 kg CO2 e was emitted on average per kg of body weight of ram, 3.2 kg CO2 e was emitted on average per kg of body weight of lamb. The main distinction of Vojvodina province is the low efficiency of fertiliser application on crop fields and manure management, storage and utilisation, which has as a result high emissions of nitrous oxide. This is the field where the implementation of intensive technologies of precise farming, manure handling, utilisation and management will significantly decrease GHG emission, with preserving yield of crops and quantity and quality of sheep of all categories

Accretion disk in the eclipsing binary AU Mon

We analyze the CoRoT and V-passband ground-based light curves of the interacting close binary AU Mon, assuming that there is a geometrically and optically thick accretion disk around the hotter and more massive star, as inferred from photometric and spectroscopic characteristics of the binary. Our model fits the observations very well and provides estimates for the orbital elements and physical parameters of the components and of the accretion disk.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

Kinetika radioaktivnog kalcija (47Ca) kod čovjeka

Kinetics of 47Ca was investigated in 9 healthy subjects. In this paper slight modifications of the Wenderberg method were applied. Our modification of the method is technically simpler, giving equally valuable results. The following values were obtained: Accretion: 0.57 ± 0.12 g Ca/day, S compartment: 2.10 ± 0.32 g Ca and E compartment: 2.86 ± 0.83 g Ca.U devet zdravih osoba ispitivana je kinetika radioaktivnog kalcija. U svom radu primijenjene su manje modifikacije Wendebergove metode. Te modifikacije pojednostavljaju ispitivanja a daju jednako vrijedne rezultate. Dobivene su ove vrijednosti: akrecija: 0.57 ± 0.12 g Ca/dan, S prostor: 2.10 ± 0.32 g Ca i E prostor: 2.86 ± 0.83 g Ca

The influence of perchlorate on radioiodine elimination from the body

131J spada među fisijske produkte koji ugrožavaju čovjeka pri nuklearnim eksplozijama i reaktorskim nesrećama. Na temelju teorijskih i eksperimentalnih razmatranja kinetike metabolizma joda izgleda da je najdjelotvornije spriječiti ulaz 131J u štitnjaču. Da bi se to postiglo, davali smo eutiroidnim osobama perklorat u farmakološkim dozama. Ispitan je učinak perklorata na sposobnost štitnjače za akumulaciju joda, brzinu djelovanja, konstantnost učinka ponovljenih doza, vrijeme trajanja bloka štitnjače i utjecaj na tjelesnu retenciju odnosno eliminaciju radiojoda iz organizma. Rezultati su pokazali da perklorat ima vrlo povoljna svojstva, jer snažno sprečava ulaz radiojodida u štitnjaču, a ne smanjuje klirens bubrega za jodide iz plazme.131J belongs to the fission products which endanger man in nuclear explosions and reactor accidents. On the basis of the theoretical and experimental considerations of the kinetics of iodine metabolism it seems most efficient to prevent 131J uptake by the thyroid. With this in view we gave euthyroid persons pharmacological doses of perchlorate and studied the effect of perchlorate on the capability of the thyroid to accumulate iodine, the rate of its action, the constancy of the effect of repeated doses, the duration of the thyroid block and the influence of perchlorate on body retention and elimination of radioiodine

On the modifications of oscillator strengths and damping constants of Fe I spectral lines from 500 nm to 510 nm

We modified oscillator strengths and enhancement factors of van der Waals damping constants for 84 moderately strong and weak neutral iron spectral lines between 500 nm and 510 nm, by fitting the solar synthetic spectrum to the observed one. We have found significant difference between the oscillator strengths and damping constants taken from an extensive spectral line list, frequently used for spectral synthesis, and their modified values. Our findings include: (1) the mean value of the distribution of the difference between our and listed oscillator strengths is -0.31dex and its width is 0.42 dex, (2) a decrease of this difference with increasing equivalent width of spectral lines, (3) unusually high values of the obtained enhancement factors in comparison with the results of other authors, (4) a decrease of enhancement factor with increasing excitation potential for lines with equivalent width greater than 7.5 pm, (5) a decrease of enhancement factors with increasing equivalent width and (6) a decrease of enhancement factors with increasing oscillator strengths

Identification of phase-independent spectral lines in close binary V455 CYG: I. Telluric lines

Spectroscopic observations of close binary star V455 Cygni reveal many lines that originate in interstellar and circumstellar medium and the atmo­sphere of the Earth; we found over two hundred such spectral features, and in this paper we present the list of telluric lines we identified through comparison with HITRAN database of molecular lines. The lines that remain unidentified or show peculiar behavior will be discussed in the second part of the paper.

Program of telluric lines monitoring

A new observational program of telluric lines monitoring was introduced at Belgrade Astronomical Observatory. The ultimate goal of this program is to investigate the properties of Earth’s atmosphere through modeling the observed profiles of telluric lines. The program is intend to observe infrared molecular oxygen lines that were selected according to spectral sensitivity of the available CCD camera. In this paper we give the initial and the final selection criteria for spectral lines included in the program the description of equipment and procedures used for observations and reduction, a review of preliminary observational results with the estimated precision, and a short discussion on the comparison of the theoretical predictions and the measurements