Аргиназа II - новая мишень для создания эндотелиопротекторов

The article describes arginase’s role in pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and a number of cardio-vascular diseases. Arginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthesis, to L-ornithine and urea. Two isoforms of arginase were found in the human organism. Arginase I is located in the cells cytoplasm and is predominantly expressed in the liver. Arginase II is a mitochondrial protein that is expressed in the kidney, prostatic gland and vascular wall. Arginase II hydrolyzes L-arginine, thereby reducing the synthesis of nitric oxide and leading to the development of endothelial dysfunction and a number of cardio-vascular disorders. Arginase is a promising pharmacological target in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction and a number of cardio-vascular diseases, though the development of highly-selective arginase II inhibitors is still a difficult task.В обзоре рассмотрена роль аргиназы в патогенезе эндотелиальной дисфункции и ряда сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Аргиназа катализирует гидролиз L-аргинина, субстрата для синтеза оксида азота, до L-орнитина и мочевины. В организме человека обнаружены две изоформы аргиназы. Аргиназа I локализуется в цитоплазме клеток и экспрессируется преимущественно в печени. Аргиназа II - это митохондриальный белок, который экспрессируется в почках, простате, сосудистой стенке. Аргиназа II гидролизирует L-аргинин, снижая тем самым синтез оксида азота, приводит к развитию эндотелиальной дисфункции и возникновению целого ряда патологий сердечно-сосудистой системы. Аргиназа является перспективной фармакологической мишенью в коррекции эндотелиальной дисфункции и целого ряда сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, однако создание высокоселективных ингибиторов аргиназы II по-прежнему остается трудноразрешимой задаче

Radiology methods of the sarcopenia diagnosis

One of the processes that accompany the aging of the body and the decline in the quality of life of older people is sarcopenia or loss of muscle tissue and the associated restriction of mobility. The identification of this condition in patients at the stage when there is only an initial decrease in muscle mass without a decrease in muscle strength is of great importance for determining the cause of the disease and the timely start of treatment. This review describes the capabilities of the methods of radiation diagnosis in assessing the quantity and quality of muscle tissue and their shortcomings from the standpoint of verification and dynamic observation of sarcopenia. The lack of a unified standard for the instrumental diagnosis of this pathology and the alertness of specialists regarding sarcopenia during routine examination is one of the main reasons for the insufficient detection of muscle loss in the cohort of elderly patients. This review is of interest to a wide range of clinical physicians and radiologists, who are found in their practice with patients of older age groups

Arginase II - a new target in the development of endothelium protectors

The article describes arginase’s role in pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and a number of cardio-vascular diseases. Arginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthesis, to L-ornithine and urea. Two isoforms of arginase were found in the human organism. Arginase I is located in the cells cytoplasm and is predominantly expressed in the liver. Arginase II is a mitochondrial protein that is expressed in the kidney, prostatic gland and vascular wall. Arginase II hydrolyzes L-arginine, thereby reducing the synthesis of nitric oxide and leading to the development of endothelial dysfunction and a number of cardio-vascular disorders. Arginase is a promising pharmacological target in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction and a number of cardio-vascular diseases, though the development of highly-selective arginase II inhibitors is still a difficult task