61 research outputs found
Molecular markers in the genetic diversity studies of representatives of the genus <i>Rubus</i> L. and prospects of their application in breeding
According to estimates of various taxonomists, the genus Rubus L. (Rosaceae Juss.) consists of 12-16 subgenera comprising ~750 species. The two largest subgenera are Idaeobatus (Focke) Focke, which includes raspberries, and the type subgenus Rubus (=Eubatus Focke), which contains blackberry species. Representatives of the genus Rubus have high nutritional and economic values, as well as medicinal properties. Breeding programs are aimed at broadening genetic diversity and creating new varieties of raspberries and blackberries that are resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors and have high fruit quality. Modern breeding and genetic programs increasingly use the achievements of molecular genetics and genomics. This paper reviews the literature data on the application of molecular markers in fundamental and applied research aimed at studying the genetic diversity of cultivated and wild species of the genus Rubus. The review describes the main types of molecular markers (RFLP, RAPD, SCoT, SSR, ISSR, AFLP, SCAR, SSCP) and their application for studying the species of the genus Rubus. The results of the work on the use of DNA markers for solving different tasks are presented, including: studying the phylogenetic relationships of species, clarifying controversial issues of taxonomy, analyzing interspecific and intraspecific diversity, genotyping and pedigree analysis of raspberry and blackberry varieties, studying somaclonal variation and others. The most important applied result is the development of molecular genetic maps for raspberry and blackberry species, on which numerous genes and QTLs conferring various valuable traits have been mapped. At the same time, the number of markers that are promising for effective molecular screening is still insufficient
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
A number of studies have found an association between the increased concentration of glial fibrillar acid protein (GFAP) in blood serum in patients with various types of brain damage (ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative and neuro-oncological diseases), as well as with a rapid decline in cognitive functions in elderly people with initially normal cognitive abilities.The objective: to identify the relationship between delayed cognitive recovery and changes in serum GFAP concentration in the perioperative period in patients operated for various oncological diseases.Subjects and Methods. The study included 30 patients who underwent surgical treatment for prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer under combined general anesthesia.The inclusion criteria were the expected duration of the operation over 300 minutes and the age over 60 years. GFAP was determined in plasma by enzyme immunoassay before anesthesia, the next day after surgery and on the 4thβ5th day. Neuropsychological testing was performed before surgery and on the 4thβ5th postoperative day. Delayed cognitive recovery was defined as a decrease in the composite z-score of more than one standard deviation (SD) compared to the preoperative assessment.Correlation analysis was performed between changes in the composite z-score (in absolute values) and the difference in GFAP concentration between the outcome and the first postoperative day, the outcome and the 4thβ5th postoperative day and the first and 4thβ5th postoperative days.Results. In five cases (16.6%), a decrease in the composite z-score > 1 SD was revealed indicating a delayed cognitive recovery. In the remaining 25 (83.4%) patients, changes in the composite z-score were less than one standard deviation. The median concentration of GFAP in patients with delayed cognitive recovery was 0.13 [0.1; 0.14] before surgery, 0.12 [0.09; 0.14] the day after surgery and 0.16 [0.05; 0.19] on the 4thβ5th day after surgery. In patients without cognitive impairment, the concentration of GFAP was 0.15 [0.125; 0.184] before surgery, 0.15 [0.121; 0.163] 24 hours after surgery and 0.13 [0.079; 0.151] on the 4thβ5th day after surgery. The correlation values between changes in the composite z-score and the difference in GFAP concentrations were: between the outcome and the first postoperative day β rs = 0.107, p = 0.37, outcome and the 4thβ5th postoperative day β rs = 0.134, p = 0.37, the first and 4thβ5th postoperative days β rs = 0.21, p = 0.37.Discussion. There was no statistically significant difference in GFAP levels between patients with delayed cognitive recovery and patients without cognitive impairment. There was also no correlation between the difference in GFAP concentrations in plasma before surgery and 24 hours after, before surgery and on the 4thβ5th day of the postoperative period and the composite z-score.Conclusions. The use of GFAP to predict cognitive decline associated with surgical treatment of colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer under general anesthesia is not yet possible.Π ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π³Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π° (GFAP) Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° (ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°, Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ c ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ GFAP ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ 30 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 300 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 60 Π»Π΅Ρ. GFAP ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π° 4β5-Π΅ ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π° 4β5-ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ z-Π±Π°Π»Π»Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (SD) ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ z-Π±Π°Π»Π»Π° (Π² Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
) ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ GFAP ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ 4β5-ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΈ 4β5-ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π 5 (16,6%) ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ z-Π±Π°Π»Π»Π° > 1 SD, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π£ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
25 (83,4%) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ z-Π±Π°Π»Π»Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ GFAP Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 0,13 [0,1; 0,14] Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, 0,12 [0,09; 0,14] Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ 0,16 [0,05; 0,19] Π½Π° 4β5-Π΅ ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π£ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ GFAP ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 0,15 [0,125; 0,184] Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, 0,15 [0,121; 0,163] ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 24 ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ 0,13 [0,079; 0,151] Π½Π° 4β5-Π΅ ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ z-Π±Π°Π»Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ GFAP ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ: ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ β rs = 0,107, p = 0,37, ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ 4β5-ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ β rs = 0,134, p = 0,37, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΈ 4β5-ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ β rs = 0,21, p = 0,37.ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
GFAP ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ GFAP Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 24 Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅, Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π° 4β5-Π΅ ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ z-ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ GFAP Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ
Biochemical applications of surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy
An overview is presented on the application of surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy to biochemical problems. Use of SEIRA results in high surface sensitivity by enhancing the signal of the adsorbed molecule by approximately two orders of magnitude and has the potential to enable new studies, from fundamental aspects to applied sciences. This report surveys studies of DNA and nucleic acid adsorption to gold surfaces, development of immunoassays, electron transfer between metal electrodes and proteins, and proteinβprotein interactions. Because signal enhancement in SEIRA uses surface properties of the nano-structured metal, the biomaterial must be tethered to the metal without hampering its functionality. Because many biochemical reactions proceed vectorially, their functionality depends on proper orientation of the biomaterial. Thus, surface-modification techniques are addressed that enable control of the proper orientation of proteins on the metal surface. [Figure: see text
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Delafossite-Type Oxides
The syntheses of copper and silver delafossite-type oxides from their constituent binary metal oxides, oxide hydroxides and hydroxides, by low temperature (<210 Β°C) and low pressure (<20 atm) hydrothermal reactions are described. Particular emphasis is placed on how the acid-base character of a constituent oxide determines its solubility and therefore whether a particular delafossite-type oxide can be synthesized, a strategy utilized by geologists and mineralogists to understand the conditions necessary for the synthesis of various minerals. Thus, the geochemical and corrosion science literature are shown to be useful in understanding the reaction conditions required for the syntheses of delafossite-type oxides and the relationship between reactant metal oxide acid-base character, solubility, aqueous speciation, and product
formation. Manipulation of the key parameters, temperature, pressure, pH, and reactant solubility, results in broad families of phase-pure delafossite-type oxides in moderate to high yields for copper, CuBO2 (B) Al, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ga, and Rh), and silver, AgBO2 (B ) Al, Sc, Fe, Co, Ni, Ga, Rh, In, and Tl)
ANALYSIS OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL VECTOR FAΓADE MODEL CREATED FROM PHOTOGRAMMETRIC DATA
The results of the accuracy assessment analysis for creation of a three-dimensional vector model of building façade are described. In the framework of the analysis, analytical comparison of three-dimensional vector façade models created by photogrammetric and terrestrial laser scanning data has been done. The three-dimensional model built from TLS point clouds was taken as the reference one. In the course of the experiment, the three-dimensional model to be analyzed was superimposed on the reference one, the coordinates were measured and deviations between the same model points were determined. The accuracy estimation of the three-dimensional model obtained by using non-metric digital camera images was carried out. Identified façade surface areas with the maximum deviations were revealed
Certain aspects of using Z-score to assess cognitive disorders
Detailed psychological testing is needed to identify cognitive impairments after anesthesia and surgery. This problem can be solved by development of the program of combination psychological tests with their assessment based on the Z-score, also known as the standard deviation test.The objective: to determine reference values of psychological tests to assess the results of Z-score.Subjects and methods. The study was included 30 healthy volunteers and 43 patients who underwent surgery. The panel of psychological tests consisted of the clock drawing test, oral counting test, assessment of short-term memory, sequence set, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and the classic Stroop test. The mean values and standard deviations were calculated for each of the groups to evaluate the test results by Z-score.Results. It was found that using standard deviations obtained in the group of healthy volunteers as reference values for Z-score resulted in a higher percentage of deterioration in the result of repeated tests compared to using reference values obtained in group of patients.Conclusion: When using Z-score for cognitive tests, it is better to use the means and SD obtained in a group of healthy volunteers taking into account the possibility of finding differences where there are none (type I error)
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