Bioethics: Reincarnation of Natural Philosophy in Modern Science

The theory of evolution of complex and comprising of human systems and algorithm for its constructing are the synthesis of evolutionary epistemology, philosophical anthropology and concrete scientific empirical basis in modern (transdisciplinary) science. «Trans-disciplinary» in the context is interpreted as a completely new epistemological situation, which is fraught with the initiation of a civilizational crisis. Philosophy and ideology of technogenic civilization is based on the possibility of unambiguous demarcation of public value and descriptive scientific discourses (1), and the object and subject of the cognitive process (2). Both of these attributes are no longer valid. For mass, everyday consciousness and institutional philosophical tradition it is intuitively obvious that having the ability to control the evolutionary process, Homo sapiens came close to the borders of their own biological and cultural identity. The spontaneous coevolutionary process of interaction between the «subject» (rational living organisms) and the «object» (material world), is the teleological trend of the movement towards the complete rationalization of the World as It Is, its merger with the World of Due. The stratification of the global evolutionary process into selective and semantic (teleological) coevolutionary and therefore ontologically inseparable components follows. With the entry of anthropogenic civilization into the stage of the information society, firsty, the post-academic phase of the historical evolution of scientific rationality began, the attributes of which are the specific methodology of scientific knowledge, scientific ethos and ontology. Bioethics as a phenomenon of intellectual culture represents a natural philosophical core of modern post- academic (human-dimensional) science, in which the ethical neutrality of scientific theory principle is inapplicable, and elements of public-axiological and scientific-descriptive discourses are integrated into a single logic construction. As result, hermeneutics precedes epistemology not only methodologically, but also meaningfully, and natural philosophy is regaining the status of the backbone of the theory of evolution – in an explicit for

EVOLUTIONARY RISK OF HIGH HUME TECHNOLOGIES. Article 2. THE GENESIS AND MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTIONARY RISK

Sources of evolutionary risk for stable strategy of adaptive Homo sapiens are an imbalance of: (1) the intra-genomic co-evolution (intragenomic conflicts); (2) the gene-cultural co-evolution; (3) inter-cultural co-evolution; (4) techno-humanitarian balance; (5) inter-technological conflicts (technological traps). At least phenomenologically the components of the evolutionary risk are reversible, but in the aggregate they are in potentio irreversible destructive ones for biosocial, and cultural self-identity of Homo sapiens. When the actual evolution is the subject of a rationalist control and/or manipulation, the magnitude of the 4th and 5th components of the evolutionary risk reaches a level of existential significance

«DANGEROUS KNOWLEDGE» IN «THE RISK SOCIETY» (Age of Genetics and Biotec

At the heart of the book - two views (naturalist and humanist) on the dangers of and Prospects of "scientific and technological progress," that defining the face of modern civilization. Its leaders are now the information, genetic cal and biological technology

High Hume (Bio-power and Bio-policy in Society of Risk). M., 2009. 319 p.

Human simultaneously is the acting person of a few autonomous and interdepending forms of evolutional process. Accordingly, it is possible to select three forms of adaptation and three constituents of evolutional strategy of survival of humanity – biological, sociocultural and technological adaptations. The actual and potential consequences of development of so-called High Hume technologies (technologies of the guided evolution) most essential from major technological adaptations of humanity are analyzed. The phenomenon of bio-power within the framework of global coevolutional methodology as one of central elements of mechanism of mutual co-ordination of biological and sociocultural forms of evolutional process from one side and technocultural balance, with other is examined

Functional Insights into Genic Neighbourhood Organization of Helitron Transposons in Bos taurus Genomes

Transposable elements (TEs) represent well-known factors of genomic variability and evolution. TEs are important providers of regulatory elements that are able to significantly influence the architecture and expression of the host genome. Currently, of a special interest are the DNA transposons helitrons. They are supposed to be involved in horizontal transfer of genetic material between distant taxa and to dramatically impact the host genomes via phenomena of exon-shuffling and gene capture. Thereby, and due to their high level of polymorphism and relatively high frequency in the eukaryotic genomes, helitrons can be used as “anchors” for genome scanning of different breeds of farm animals aimed at revealing their “gene pool standards”. Currently, there are no comprehensive studies dedicated to helitrons and their interaction and impact on host genomic landscape in cattle (Bos taurus). Earlier we showed the possibility of using the 3’-end consensus sequence of Heligloria helitrons for estimation of consolidation of different cattle breeds via multilocus genotyping. In the present study, in order to investigate the context features of the DNA regions flanked by the inverted repeats of Heligloria helitrons fragments in Bos taurus genomes, we pyrosequenced such fragments (of about 550 bp in length) from three cattle breeds and analyzed the functional implications of the identified genes. Thus, here we provide an insight into the functional organization of the genic neighbourhood of helitron transposons in the genomes of different Bos taurus breeds and an attempt to understand possible consequences of such distribution of helitrons on these genome

Haematopoietic chimerism expressivity in bovine heterosexual twins

The aim of the experiment was to study the haematopoietic chimerism in bovine heterosexual twins conceived through artificial insemination and post-embryo transfer. Both animal groups were revealed to have a wide individual range of variability for the expressivity of chimerism that varied from 0 to 96% of cells with the chromosomes of an opposite sex. The study also revealed the tendency towards increased frequency of cytogenetic anomalies in immigrant cells

POST-INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE OF XXI CENTURY – RATIONALISM VERSUS IRRATIONALISM: EVOLUTIONARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECT

The phenomenon of rationalism and irrationalism, contextually related to the transformation methodology and the social function of modern (post-industrial) science – social verification, interpretation and knowledge, etc., are analyzes

EVOLUTIONARY RISK OF HIGH HUME TECHNOLOGIES. Article 3. EVOLUTIONARY SEMANTICS AND BIOETHICS

The co-evolutionary concept of three-modal stable evolutionary strategy of Homo sapiens is developed. The concept based on the principle of evolutionary complementarity of anthropogenesis: value of evolutionary risk and evolutionary path of human evolution are defined by descriptive (evolutionary efficiency) and creative-teleological (evolutionary correctness) parameters simultaneously, that cannot be instrumental reduced to other ones. Resulting volume of both parameters define the vectors of biological, social, cultural and techno-rationalistic human evolution by two gear mechanism — genetic and cultural co-evolution and techno-humanitarian balance. Explanatory model and methodology of evaluation of creatively teleological evolutionary risk component of NBIC technological complex is proposed. Integral part of the model is evolutionary semantics (time-varying semantic code, the compliance of the biological, socio-cultural and techno-rationalist adaptive modules of human stable evolutionary strategy)

The health of soil ecosystem as self-maintenance and sustainable bioproductivity review article

In the review traditional characteristics of the soil quality are discussed. Soil health (SH) along with its soil quality and fertility, is considered as the most important, functional characteristic of any soil ecosystem (SE). The consistent patterns and results of the study of structure and functions of the microbial community (MC) of the soil ecosystem were generalized to substantiate the quantitative parameters of soil health. The author’s developments for definitions of soil and soil health are given. The prospects of using the parameters of SH for diagnostics at recovery and biological rehabilitation of technogenically disturbed soils are proposed

Особенности синтеза триамилцитрата

Objectives. To find an effective way for obtaining triamyl citrate, an environmentally friendly, biodegradable citric acid ester used as a plasticizer for PVC-based polymer compositions.Methods. The possibilities of heterogeneous catalysis were analyzed using the case study of three commercial samples of macroporous sulfocationites (Amberlyst™ 15, Amberlyst™ 70, and TULSION® 66). Homogeneous catalysis was studied using the example of orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4), while self-catalysis was investigated during esterification of citric acid with amyl alcohol (ROH). The syntheses were carried out under identical conditions: T = 110 °C, the ratio of CA:ROH = 1:5 (mol) amount of catalyst 1 wt % on the reaction mass in a thermostatically controlled reactor of ideal mixing with continuous distillation of the resulting water.Results. It was found that in all variants (even under self-catalysis conditions), the conversion of citric acid in 180 min reached 94–99%. Triamyl citrate was formed after 9 h with a yield of 90% only when using a homogeneous catalyst (H3PO4) and in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst sample (Amberlyst ™ 15).Conclusions. The revealed differences in the reactivity of the studied sulfocationites (Amberlyst™ 15, Amberlyst ™ 70, and TULSION® 66) confirm the well-known theoretical positions, according to which the kinetic pseudo-homogeneous model of the esterification process of hydroxy acids in excess of aliphatic alcohols is based on the law of acting masses and depends on the specific surface area of the catalyst, which for Amberlyst ™ 15 is of the greatest importance as compared to Amberlyst ™ 70 and TULSION® 66 (m2/g): 53:36:35, respectively.Цели. Поиск эффективного метода получения триамилцитрата – экологически чистого, биоразлагаемого сложного эфира лимонной кислоты, используемого в качестве пластификатора полимерных композиций на основе поливинилхлорида.Методы. Выявлены возможности гетерогенного катализа на примере трех коммерческих образцов макропористых сульфокатионитов (Амберлист™ 15, Амберлист™ 70 и Тулсион® 66); гомогенного катализа на примере ортофосфорной кислоты (H3PO4) и самокатализа при этерификации лимонной кислоты (ЛК) амиловым спиртом (ROH). Синтезы проводили в одинаковых условиях: T = 110 °С отношение ЛК:ROH = 1:5 (мольн.) количество катализатора 1 мас. %. на реакционную массу в термостатированном реакторе идеального смешения с непрерывным отгоном образующейся воды.Результаты. Установлено, что во всех вариантах конверсия лимонной кислоты за 180 мин достигает 94–99%. Триамилцитрат с выходом 90% образуется через 9 ч только при использовании гомогенного катализатора (H3PO4) и в присутствии образца гетерогенного катализатора – Амберлист™ 15.Выводы. Выявленные различия в реакционной способности исследованных сульфокатионитов Амберлист™ 15, Амберлист™ 70 и Тулсион® 66 подтверждают известные теоретические положения, в соответствии с которыми кинетическая псевдогомогенная модель процесса этерификации гидроксикислот в избытке алифатических спиртов основывается на законе действующих масс и зависит от удельной поверхности катализатора, которая для Амберлист™ 15 имеет наибольшее значение по сравнению с Амберлист™ 70 и Тулсион® 66 (м2/г): 53:36:35 соответственно