The case of Lovina, Bali: how dolphin-watching procedures put village hospitality revenue at risk

This article focuses on the current practice of dolphin watching in Lovina, Bali. The current approach, in which tourists can hire a traditional boat with a captain, has been evaluated. The results show that the anthropogenic disturbance caused by dolphin watching in Lovina is severe. The future  of the dolphin-watching industry and the dolphin population, though habituated, is at risk, creating a threat for the tourism and hospitality industry  of Lovina. The triple bottom line framework of Cavagnaro and Curiel provided a theoretical framework for recommendations that are focused on a  balance between “care for you and me”. The “you” in this point of view is the local spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) population, where the  organisational focus on people, leading to social value, a balance between environmental and economic values can be made, leading to a  humanitarian, sustainable form of dolphin watching. Recommendations include the need for a sufficient code of conduct for dolphin watching,  control of this code of conduct (including sanctions), restriction of the daily fleet and increasing the boatmen’s caring capacity. When the number of  dolphin-watching boats remains low and an economic incentive can be reached for captains to undertake dolphin watching less frequently, a more  sustainable model for the future of tourism and hospitality in Lovina can be shaped. The current low number of tourists due to the COVID-19  pandemic can create a window of opportunity to create change

ANALISIS PENJATUHAN PUTUSAN KEJAHATAN UMUM BAGI ANAK BERHADAPAN DENGAN HUKUM

Children in Confronts with the Law (CCL) are children who are suspected of committing a crime so they must be held accountable for their actions. Such accountability is carried out before the law because it has violated the criminal law law. National Commission for Child Protection recorded an increase of 70% in 2011, namely as many as 1,851 criminal complaints committed by ABH or children in conflict with the law for committing criminal acts. There are several factors that influence delinquency in children, namely, intelligence factors; Age factor; Gender factor; The factor of the child's position in the family, the factor of the household; Education and school factors; Child social factors; and the mass media factor.Keywords: Children in Confrontation with the Law, National Comission of Child Protection, Criminal Action

Contrasting Habitat Use and Population Dynamics of Reef Manta Rays Within the Nusa Penida Marine Protected Area, Indonesia

Manta rays (Mobula spp.) are highly valued in nature-based tourism globally. In Indonesia, although manta rays are protected, critical information is lacking on their habitat use, population dynamics and movements. We investigate the population structure and residency patterns of reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) in the Nusa Penida Marine Protected Area (MPA). From photo-identification data logged by citizen scientists and trained observers (mantamatcher.org), we identified 624 reef manta rays from 5,913 sightings (January 2012–April 2018) based on their unique ventral coloration patterns. Year-round records were collected from two shallow (<20 m) reefs – Manta Bay (MB; n = 3,029 sightings) and Manta Point (MP; n = 3,058) – that are used frequently by tourism operators. Maximum likelihood techniques and a Markov movement analysis were used to model residency patterns and movement between these sites within the MPA. Manta rays at MB were predominantly male (64%, n = 261 individuals), with immature males (14%, n = 59) being sighted most frequently (39%, n = 1,170). In contrast, few immature individuals were sighted at MP (6%, n = 28), and they were sighted on few occasions (2%, n = 45), while mature female manta rays comprised 26% (n = 127) of the MP community and were the most frequently sighted (48%, n = 1,413). Lagged identification rates indicated high site fidelity at each location. However, 44% (n = 278) of individuals moved between the two sites and cumulative discovery curves showed a continued recruitment of individuals over the 6 years of the study. In addition, the behaviors displayed by the manta rays differed markedly between the two sites: MB appears to be a foraging ground, especially for juveniles, and potentially a nursery, while MP is used mainly for cleaning and courtship, indicating a social and reproductive site. Reproductive behavior coincided with the peak annual sightings in May. To prevent disturbance to this threatened species by tourism, regulations for the number of boats and interactions, especially during key reproductive times should be considered. Further, strict fishing regulation in the area is recommended as fishing gear entanglement was identified as a threat to this population

The Use of Satellite Remote Sensing (Alos Satellite Data)

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Numerical Study on Characteristics of Tidal Current in Benoa Bay, Bali-Indonesia and Its Adjacent Area

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