Humus state of buried soils of different age archaeological monuments on the territory of Ufa (Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan)

The paper studies the humus state of buried soils on the territory of archaeological monuments: the New-Ufa Burial Ground (early Iron Age) and the Settlement Ufa-II (early Middle Ages), located in the urban district of Ufa (Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan). The soil cover of archaeological monuments is represented by Greyzemic Phaeozem over Grayzemic Phaeozem (gz-PH over gz-PH). The humus content in buried horizons is 2.06-5.26%, which is 2-4 times less in comparison with the native soil. There are two types of humus such as humate and humate-fulvate. Among humic acids, the fraction associated with calcium (HAs-2) predominates. The spectral curves of humic acids HAs-2 at different wavelengths for the buried humus-accumulative horizon of the New-Ufa Burial Ground have a steeper character and lower optical density values compared to the background soil. The spectral curves of the buried horizons of the Settlement Ufa-II have flatter disposition and, in terms of optical density, are close to the values of the native soil. Obtained results make it possible to estimate the transformation of organic matter in the soils after their burial in comparison with the modern native soil Greyzemic Phaeozem (gz-PH) of the city park. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, РФФИ, (20-33-90107)This research was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 20-33-90107)

Разработка искусственных почвогрунтов в смеси с различными местными агрорудами, мелиорантами, отходами сельскохозяйственного и промышленного производства

In the process of growth and development, cultivated plants synthesize dry matter by removing mineral nutrients from the soil. Therefore, the root layer of cultivated plants must be rich in elements of mineral nutrition. Their economic removal as a result of alienation from the grown crop requires a return to the soil to increase its fertility and ensure the productivity of the upcoming harvest. The research aims to develop artificial grounds mixed with various local agricultural ores, ameliorants, and waste from agricultural and industrial production, including macro- and microelements. Studies were conducted under artificial conditions in the phytotron of Bashkir State Agrarian University. In the control variant, oats had the highest productivity and plant survival (57.0%), slightly lower - in spring wheat (43.0%), and the lowest - in pea (28.0%) because of potting soil acidity. The authors believe that the addition of zeolite to the soil increases the productivity of peas by 20.0%; spring wheat by 20.9; oats by 24.0%; with phosphogypsum by 38.0, 24.9 and 30.0%, respectively. The most effective in the experiments was the variant of potting soils with defecate. The growth in pea plants was 44.0%, spring wheat - 29.10 and oats - 234.0%. Potting soils and their components have excellent prospects in crop production in Russia.В процессе роста и развития культурные растения синтезируют сухое вещество с выносом элементов минерального питания из почвы. Поэтому корнеобитаемый слой культурных растений должен быть богат элементами минерального питания, а хозяйственный вынос их в результате отчуждения с выращенным урожаем требует возвращения обратно в почву в целях повышения ее плодородия и обеспечения продуктивности предстоящей культуры. Целью исследований является разработка искусственных почвогрунтов в смеси с различными местными агрорудами, мелиорантами и отходами сельскохозяйственного и промышленного производства, включающими макро- и микроэлементы. Исследования проводились в искусственных условиях в фитотроне БГАУ. В контрольном варианте из-за кислотности почвогрунта наибольшая продуктивность и выживаемость растений отмечена у овса (57,0%), несколько меньшая – у яровой пшеницы (43,0%) и наименьшая – у гороха (28,0%). Добавление цеолита в почвогрунт обеспечило повышение продуктивности гороха на 20,0%, яровой пшеницы – на 20,9, овса – на 24,0%; с фосфогипсом соответственно на 38,0; 24,9 и 30,0%. Самым эффективным в опытах был вариант почвогрунта с дефекатом. Прирост у растений гороха составил 44,0%, яровой пшеницы – 29,10 и овса – 234,0%. Почвогрунты и их компоненты имеют большую перспективу в производстве продукции растениеводства в России