ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКА ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У ВЗРОСЛЫХ

The results of foreign and Russian author`s researches about  immunization of adult population are presented in article. The analysis  of the vaccinal prevention state of infectious diseases in adults in  different countries of the world (national guidance on adults  immunization, coverage of preventive vaccinations, financing  mechanisms) is given. The tasks of improving immunization in adult  population of Russia are defined.В статье представлены результаты исследований зарубежных и отечественных авторов по  иммунизации взрослого населения. Дан анализ состояния вакцинопрофилактики инфекционных заболеваний у взрослых в различных странах мира (национальные рекомендации по  иммунизации взрослых, охваты профилактическими прививками, механизмы финансирования).  Обозначены задачи по совершенствованию иммунизации взрослого населения в России

Risk-Management in the Field of Vaccine Prevention as one of the Directions of Ensuring Epidemiological and Biological Safety

The article presents the basic positions of managing the vaccine prevention risks on the population level. The science-based necessity of transition from the assessment of the effectiveness of mass vaccinal prevention in terms of incidence rates to managing potential risks of vaccine prevention. The prospects for further development of this methodology were determined

Vaccination of Newborns in Obstetric Institutions as an Indicator of the Quality of Medical Care for Babies

Relevance Hepatitis B and tuberculosis are a serious global health problem. Babies under one are at high risk of a severe form of these diseases and mortality. Immunization of newborns plays a key role both in the individual prevention of hepatitis B and tuberculosis and in reducing the burden of these infections in general.The purpose of the study was to assess the timeliness of vaccination newborns against hepatitis B and tuberculosis and to determine the causes of deviations from national vaccine schedule. Materials and methods. The coverage of vaccination against hepatitis B and tuberculosis was studied according to the case history of newborns (form No. 097/у, N = 672) and form No. 6 «Information on the contingents of children, adolescents and adults vaccinated against infectious diseases», the state of child morbidity - according to form No. 2 «Information on infectious and parasitic diseases» for 2006–2018. Anonymous questioning of pregnant women was conducted to assess adherence to vaccination (N = 73).Results. The average proportion of newborns who were vaccinated against hepatitis B in the maternity hospital over a 12-year follow-up period was 82.2%, against tuberculosis was 85.1%. More than 50.0% of children weren’t vaccinated against hepatitis B and about 20% of children weren’t not vaccinated against tuberculosis due to the vaccine hesitancy of their parents. 72.6% respondents agree that vaccination is important, 73.9% one that vaccination is effectiveness and only 50.6% one that vaccination is safety. The adherence to vaccination of newborns against tuberculosis is higher than against hepatitis B (78.1 and 69.9% respectively). There is a tendency to increase the number of children from 0 to 14 years old who are not vaccinated against both tuberculosis and hepatitis B.Conclusion. The lack of immunization of newborns in neonatology departments is a risk factor for low future immunization rates for children, infection of children with hepatitis B virus and mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as parental distrust in vaccination in general

Epidemiological Rationale for Changing the Strategy and Tactics of Vaccination of Pertussis in Current Conditions

A research objective – definition of the main directions of improvement of epidemiological control of a pertussis on the basis of studying of manifestations of epidemic process and its determinants. Materials and methods. The analysis of incidence is carried out according to official statistics in 19 years, the population antipertussoid immunity is studied by results of routine serological monitoring and specially organized screening researches. At discussion of results and development of recommendations WHO recommendations and the published articles of domestic and foreign authors are used. Results. Activation of epidemic process of pertussis in modern conditions in all age groups of the population is revealed. Risk factors of incidence of children about one year and the main sources of their infection, low level of a seroprotektion at children of 3–4 years old, the hidden circulation of Bordetella pertussis in group of children of 6-7 years, high susceptibility to whooping cough of adult population, including pregnant women are established. Conclusion. The directions of optimization of vaccinal prevention of pertussis are defined: strengthening of supervising functions behind completeness and timeliness of immunization of children of the first year of life; wider use for immunization of children from risk groups of the combined vaccines containing an acellular component; to enter into the National schedule according to epidemic indications a revaccination against pertussis of children of of 6–7 years and adults from groups of epidemiological and social risk with the subsequent step-by-step introduction of a revaccination of teenagers and adult each 10 years along with diphtheritic and tetanic anatoxins

Healthcare-Associated Infections: Modern Doctrine of Prophylaxis. Part II. Basic Concept

The Doctrine for the prevention of healthсare-associated Infections (HAIs) is a declaration of the state policy in the field of epidemiological safety of medical care. This is a system of views and provisions that establishes the direction of prevention of HAIs, the ways and forms of their implementation. The presence of a deeply developed doctrine makes it possible to have a basis for decision-making. According to the conclusion of experts from the World Health Organization, no type of healthcare settings in any country can claim to be free from the risk of HAIs. Four key provisions underpin the risk-based approach: 1. The risk of HAIs in a healthcare settings always exists; 2. The risk of HAIs is determined by the degree of aggression and invasion, the epidemiological safety of the medical technologies used, the properties of pathogens and the conditions of the hospital environment; 3. The need to move from assessing and managing the epidemiological situation by morbidity to assessing the potential risk, risk management and risk-oriented prevention technologies; 4. Epidemiological safety is an integral part of ensuring the quality and safety of medical care

Vaccinal prevention of infectious diseases in adults

The results of foreign and Russian author`s researches about  immunization of adult population are presented in article. The analysis  of the vaccinal prevention state of infectious diseases in adults in  different countries of the world (national guidance on adults  immunization, coverage of preventive vaccinations, financing  mechanisms) is given. The tasks of improving immunization in adult  population of Russia are defined

Improving the Monitoring of Adverse Events Following Immunization (in Order of Discussion)

Detection of post-vaccination complications with the subsequent investigation of causes and measures to prevent their occurrence increases the perception of the immunization society and improves health care. This is primarily increases the immunization coverage, which leads to lower morbidity. The purpose of this article is to offer for discussion a new algorithm for the registration of diseases postvaccination period, based on a synthesis of the existing national system and modern international approaches