Клинико-экономический анализ 1-й и 2-й линий таргетной терапии распространенного почечноклеточного рака

Malignant tumors represent a serious problem for healthcare system. At this time, an annual incidence of cancer rate has increased both in Russia and around the world. Renal cancer has 2 % in the structure of oncological incidence. However, in many countries we can see significant increase in oncological incidence and associated mortality. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) takes the 2nd place after prostate tumors by the growth rate of these parameters: each year more than 200 thousand people become ill with RCC all over the world. Cytokine therapy with interleukin-2 and/or interferon alpha was the standard treatment of the advanced renal cell carcinoma until 2005. However, method of the target therapy became widespread in the last decade. This method is based on the directional drug effect on tumor cells which increases efficiency and safety of the therapy. The use of targeted therapy drugs led to a significant increase in survival rate in RCC patients. In the present review we observe clinical efficacy of the drugs used in the 1st and 2nd line of RCC treatment as well as pharmacoeconomic aspects of their application.Злокачественные новообразования представляют серьезную проблему для системы здравоохранения. При этом отмечается ежегодный рост заболеваемости раком как в России, так и во всем мире. Рак почки составляет 2 % в структуре онкологической заболеваемости, но во многих странах наблюдается выраженный рост заболеваемости и ассоциированной с ней смертности населения. По темпу прироста этих показателей почечноклеточный рак (ПКР) занимает 2-е место после опухолей предстательной железы – ежегодно в мире ПКР заболевают более 200 тыс. человек. До 2005 г. стандартом лечения распространенного ПКР была цитокиновая терапия с применением препаратов интерлейкина 2 и/или интерферона альфа, однако в последнее десятилетие широкое распространение получил метод таргетной терапии (target – мишень), в основе которого лежит направленное действие лекарственного средства на опухолевые клетки, что повышает эффективность и безопасность терапии. Применение препаратов таргетной терапии позволило добиться значительного увеличения выживаемости пациентов с ПКР. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены клиническая эффективность препаратов, используемых в 1-й и 2-й линиях терапии ПКР, и фармакоэкономические аспекты их применения

Analysis of Multiple Infection in Ixodic Ticks <i>Dermacentor reticulatus</i> in a Combined Natural Focus of Vector-Borne Infections in the Tomsk Region

The aim of the study was to characterize mono- and mixed infection with causative agents of vector-borne infections in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks inhabiting one of the anthropourgic foci of the Tomsk Region. Materials and methods. D. reticulatus ticks were collected from vegetation “on the flag” in the forest park zones of the southern part of Tomsk in August and September, 2020–2021. To isolate nucleic acids from homogenates of mites and subsequent PCR diagnostics, kits of the RealBest series (“Vector-Best”, Novosibirsk) were used. 184 individual samples of nucleic acids were examined for the presence of molecular-genetic markers of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), pathogenic borrelia, babesia, rickettsia, anaplasma, and ehrlichia. Results and discussion. The spectrum of pathogens detected through PCR assay of ticks collected in one of the anthropurgic foci of the Tomsk Region in 2020 and 2021 includes TBEV, pathogenic borrelia, rickettsia, and babesia. The highest rate of D. reticulatus infection has been established in relation to candidate pathogens of tick-borne rickettsioses (Rickettsia sp.) and babesioses (Babesia sp.). The overall frequency of co-infection in D. reticulatus was 12.88 %. Seven different associations of pathogens infecting D. reticulatus have been identified. The majority (88.24 %) of the detected cases of mixed infection were rickettsia associations. Double infection has been registered in 94 % of the total number of mixed variants. Markers of four tick-borne infection pathogens simultaneously (Rickettsia species DNA, Babesia species DNA, Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. DNA and TBEV RNA) have been found in one sample. Changes in areal of the D. reticulatus against the background of an increase in their numbers, determines the need to analyze the epidemiological significance of the ticks of this species in combined foci of tick-borne infections, especially in the zone of sympatry with ixodic ticks of other species

Clinical and economic analysis of the 1st and 2nd target lines

Malignant tumors represent a serious problem for healthcare system. At this time, an annual incidence of cancer rate has increased both in Russia and around the world. Renal cancer has 2 % in the structure of oncological incidence. However, in many countries we can see significant increase in oncological incidence and associated mortality. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) takes the 2nd place after prostate tumors by the growth rate of these parameters: each year more than 200 thousand people become ill with RCC all over the world. Cytokine therapy with interleukin-2 and/or interferon alpha was the standard treatment of the advanced renal cell carcinoma until 2005. However, method of the target therapy became widespread in the last decade. This method is based on the directional drug effect on tumor cells which increases efficiency and safety of the therapy. The use of targeted therapy drugs led to a significant increase in survival rate in RCC patients. In the present review we observe clinical efficacy of the drugs used in the 1st and 2nd line of RCC treatment as well as pharmacoeconomic aspects of their application