Отчёт OCLC за 2020–2021 гг. Перевод

The abridged translation into Russian of the annual report of OCLC (Rise beyond OCLC Annual Report 2020–2021) is offered. The traditional vectors of expanding accessibility and functionality of the company’s core product, namely WorldCat, and increasing focus on document delivery and professional partnerships with publishers’ are demonstrated. Special attention is given to linked data and project to involve wide public worldwide in cataloguing.The majority of public and academic libraries prefer using the world catalog WorldCat thus avoiding large scale cataloguing processes. Unfortunately, this country drags heels about using this treasure: Cyberleninka joined the WorldCat in 2016; the Russian union catalog Libnet comprises 13.6 mln recors (as for 2020), and the Union Catalog of sci-tech literature – 1.2 mln entries (as for 2022). At the same time, based on OCLC Annual Report 2020–2021 data, the WorldCat embraces 515 mln records reflecting 3.1 billion items in library collections. Such impromptness may be due to Russian professionals’ ignorance of the English language.В статье предлагается сокращённый перевод ежегодного отчёта крупнейшего библиографического агентства OCLC «Расти за пределы» (Rise beyond OCLC Annual Report 2020–2021). Отмечается как традиционное для OCLC направление – совершенствование доступности и функциональности главного продукта компании Всемирного каталога WorldCat, так и явное усиление внимания к доставке документов и укреплению профессионального взаимодействия с издателями. Особое внимание уделяется работе по связанным данным и проектам, способствующим привлечению широкой публики различных национальностей к каталогизации.Сейчас большинство публичных и университетских библиотек мира не ведут широкомасштабную каталогизацию самостоятельно, а активно пользуются Всемирным каталогом WorldCat. К с ожалению, в н ашей стране пока что не спешат воспользоваться этим сокровищем: научная электронная библиотека Cyberleninka присоединилась к WorldCat только в 2016 г.; в Российском сводном каталоге «Либнет» содержится 13,6 млн записей (на 2020 г.), в Сводном каталоге НТЛ – 1,2 млн записей (на 2022 г.), в то время как в каталоге World-Cat, согласно данным представленного отчёта, – 515 млн записей, отражающих содержание 3,1 млрд единиц хранения. Быть может, неспешность в работе с иностранной литературой связана с традиционным для многих российских специалистов незнанием английского языка

Открытый доступ: обсуждение. Новая модель публикации и обнародования как вариант открытого доступа

The article of mosaic structure comprises the materials of the panel discussion “Collaboration & community. The transition to open access” held by Copyright Clearance Center (USA) within the framework London Book Fair in April, 2018. These materials (arguments presented by four discussion participants, experts in scholarly publishing: a publisher of Cambridge University Press, Cambridge University librarian, expert of Royal Society of Chemistry, and Executive Director of Knowledge Unlatched, a crowdfunding platform), and the introduction speech by Christopher Kenneally, discussion moderator, were published on the discussion date and distributed to the participants. By courtesy of Christopher Kenneally and Alastair Horn in charge of the Academic Bulletin where the prematerials were first published, we are including the original English-language text, the translation and the author’s summary and arguments on expanding publication formats, e. g. outspreading of panel sessions at conferences. The article is aimed at two goals: to introduce readers to several issues of the open access system voiced at the discussion panel, and to analyze in detail the methods of audience communication (the technologies based on open access principles). The selection of materials, permission for translation into Russian (and the translation) as well as the permission for reprinting the original are accomplished by Andrey I. Zemskov, RNPLS&T leading researcher, who attended the discussion panel. He is also the author of the summary review on the new publication and public exposure model as an open access version.Эта статья, имеющая сложную – «мозаичную» – структуру, содержит материалы семинара «Сотрудничество и сообщество. Переход к открытому доступу», проведенного на Лондонской книжной ярмарке в апреле 2018 г. американской компанией по доставке информации Copyright Clearance Center. Эти материалы (рассуждения четырех участников семинара – специалистов в сфере научных публикаций: издателя из Cambridge University Press, библиотекаря того же университета, представителя научного общества Royal Society of Chemistry и исполнительного директора платформы по сбору средств методом краудфандинга Knowledge Unlatched), а также вступительное слово модератора семинара Кристофера Киннелли (Christopher Kenneally) были опубликованы в день проведения этого мероприятия, их получили его участники. С любезного разрешения К. Киннелли и Аластара Хорна (Alastair Horn), ответственного за выпуск этого Академического бюллетеня, в котором размещены подготовительные материалы, мы публикуем оригинальный англоязычный текст и его перевод. Эта публикация преследует две цели: ознакомить читателей с проблемами развития системы открытого доступа, озвученными в ходе работы пленарной сессии; представить детальный разбор используемых методов работы с аудиторией (все технологии опираются на принципы открытого доступа). Отбор материала, работу по получению разрешений на русскоязычный перевод (и сам перевод) и на повторное использование оригинального материала (разрешение на перепечатку) выполнил А. И. Земсков, ведущий научный сотрудник ГПНТБ России, принявший участие в этом семинаре; он – автор заключительных обобщающих замечаний о новой модели публикации и обнародования как варианте открытого доступа

Pyrolysis of Fresh and Deposited Sewage Sludge and Investigation of the Products

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. The article presents results of studies of pyrolysis of fresh and deposited sewage sludge (DSS) in two regimes of heat input: conductive heating at a rate of 40 °C/s and convective heating at a rate of 10 °C/min. It was determined that the fresh sewage sludge (FSS) had the higher yield of organic liquid and gas, and the lower char yield. The higher heating rate led to a decrease in the char yield and an increase in the liquid yield. The investigation of liquid products showed that those of the FSS had greater proportions of alcohols, organic acids, and nitrogen-containing compounds, including heterocyclics. The liquid products of the DSS had the greater content of carbohydrates, esters, and unidentified compounds, which were probably condensed compounds

Electrocardiographic diagnostics of cardiovascular pathology in athletes of youth sports schools

Objective: to evaluate the data of cardiac screening to identify cardiac pathology and determine sports participation among in athletes of Youth Sports Schools in five districts of St. Petersburg. Materials and methods: 9847 young athletes (average age 13.8 ± 4.9 years, 6127 men) were included in the study during 8 months. Clinical protocol uncluded the collection of complaints, anamnesis, family anamnesis, physical examination, ECG in 12 leads. If necessary, Holter monitoring, echocardiography, and an exercise test were performed. Results: typical ECG changes were registered in 60.4% of athletes, borderline in 0.05% and pathological in 3.69%. All athletes with pathological changes were excluded from the training and competitive process for the period of in-depth medical examination. In the end, two athletes were not allowed to continue participation in sport (2 with stressful ventricular arrhythmias). There was not any lethal outcomes for the entire period of the study. Conclusions: cardiological screening using the routine ECG method remains the main tool for identifying a possible pathological substrate and assessing the risk of sudden cardiac death. Early detection of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances allow to take measures to prevent sudden cardiac death

Study of the ion plasma flow generated by a high-current vacuum arc

The vacuum arc discharge is intensively explored for a long time. It acts as a source of multiply charged plasma. The results of the special type plasma gun (5-10 kA, 12 μs) ion flow study with high temporal resolution and the electrode erosion dependences on the amplitude of the current pulse are presented in the research. The ion flow intensity had good reproducibility from series to series, while the values of total mass erosion differ significantly for different series of experiments under the same conditions. The ion erosion was measured to be significantly higher than that for arc sources with currents up to 1 kA. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 17-02-00346, 18-08-00547Russian Academy of Sciences, RAS18-2-2-16This work was supported in part by RFBR (grant Nos. 17-02-00346, 18-08-00547, 19-08-00783, 19-58-53006), by RAS Program (project No. 11) and UB RAS Program (project No. 18-2-2-16)

Inferring possible magnetic field strength of accreting inflows in EXor-type objects from scaled laboratory experiments

Aims. EXor-type objects are protostars that display powerful UV-optical outbursts caused by intermittent and powerful events of magnetospheric accretion. These objects are not yet well investigated and are quite difficult to characterize. Several parameters, such as plasma stream velocities, characteristic densities, and temperatures, can be retrieved from present observations. As of yet, however, there is no information about the magnetic field values and the exact underlying accretion scenario is also under discussion. Methods. We use laboratory plasmas, created by a high power laser impacting a solid target or by a plasma gun injector, and make these plasmas propagate perpendicularly to a strong external magnetic field. The propagating plasmas are found to be well scaled to the presently inferred parameters of EXor-type accretion event, thus allowing us to study the behaviour of such episodic accretion processes in scaled conditions. Results. We propose a scenario of additional matter accretion in the equatorial plane, which claims to explain the increased accretion rates of the EXor objects, supported by the experimental demonstration of effective plasma propagation across the magnetic field. In particular, our laboratory investigation allows us to determine that the field strength in the accretion stream of EXor objects, in a position intermediate between the truncation radius and the stellar surface, should be of the order of 100 G. This, in turn, suggests a field strength of a few kilogausses on the stellar surface, which is similar to values inferred from observations of classical T Tauri stars

Propellant Charring in Pulsed Plasma Thrusters

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76437/1/AIAA-2471-899.pd