Новые материалы к флоре сосудистых растений среднего течения реки Кары (северо-восток Большеземельской тундры)

Представлены новые (за последние 10 лет) материалы по флоре сосудистых растений, полученные во время экспедиции на северо-восток Большеземельской тундры в июле 2017 г. Общее число зарегистрированных видов – 97, родов – 74, семейств – 34. Выявлены новые местонахождения для ряда видов (Caltha arctica R.Br., Ranunculus pedatifidus var. affinis (R. Br.) L.D. Benson, R. reptans L.), в том числе включенных в региональные Красные книги (16 видов). Приводятся три новых для региона вида (Viola epipsiloides Löve et D. Löve, Galium densiflorum Ledeb., Artemisia norvegica Fries). В региональные списки охраняемых растений предложено включить еще два вида, – Ranunculus pedatifidus var. affinis (R. Br.) L.D. Benson и Caltha arctica R.Br

In situ visualization of Ni-Nb bulk metallic glasses phase transition

We report the results of the Ni-based bulk metallic glass structural evolution and crystallization behavior in situ investigation. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nano-beam diffraction (NBD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), radial distribution function (RDF) and scanning probe microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) techniques were applied to analyze the structure and electronic properties of Ni63.5Nb36.5 glasses before and after crystallization. It was proved that partial surface crystallization of Ni63.5Nb36.5 can occur at the temperature lower than for the full sample crystallization. According to our STM measurements the primary crystallization is originally starting with the Ni3Nb phase formation. It was shown that surface crystallization drastically differs from the bulk crystallization due to the possible surface reconstruction. The mechanism of Ni63.5Nb36.5 glass alloy 2D-crystallization was suggested, which corresponds to the local metastable (3x3)-Ni(111) surface phase formation. The possibility of different surface nano-structures development by the annealing of the originally glassy alloy in ultra high vacuum at the temperature lower, than the crystallization temperature was shown. The increase of mean square surface roughness parameter Rq while moving from glassy to fully crystallized state can be caused by concurrent growth of Ni3Nb and Ni6Nb7 bulk phases. The simple empirical model for the estimation of Ni63.5Nb36.5 cluster size was suggested, and the obtained values (7.64 A, 8.08 A) are in good agreement with STM measurements data (8 A-10 A)

Dielectric Metamaterials with Toroidal Dipolar Response

Toroidal multipoles are the terms missing in the standard multipole expansion; they are usually overlooked due to their relatively weak coupling to the electromagnetic fields. Here we propose and theoretically study all-dielectric metamaterials of a special class that represent a simple electromagnetic system supporting toroidal dipolar excitations in the THz part of the spectrum. We show that resonant transmission and reflection of such metamaterials is dominated by toroidal dipole scattering, the neglect of which would result in a misunderstanding interpretation of the metamaterials macroscopic response. Due to the unique field configuration of the toroidal mode the proposed metamaterials could serve as a platform for sensing, or enhancement of light absorption and optical nonlinearities

Hybridization and interference effects for localized superconducting states in strong magnetic field

Within the Ginzburg-Landau model we study the critical field and temperature enhancement for crossing superconducting channels formed either along the sample edges or domain walls in thin-film magnetically coupled superconducting - ferromagnetic bilayers. The corresponding Cooper pair wave function can be viewed as a hybridization of two order parameter (OP) modes propagating along the boundaries and/or domain walls. Different momenta of hybridized OP modes result in the formation of vortex chains outgoing from the crossing point of these channels. Near this crossing point the wave functions of the modes merge giving rise to the increase in the critical temperature for a localized superconducting state. The origin of this critical temperature enhancement caused by the wave function squeezing is illustrated for a limiting case of approaching parallel boundaries and/or domain walls. Using both the variational method and numerical simulations we have studied the critical temperature dependence and OP structure vs the applied magnetic field and the angle between the crossing channels.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figure

Flux Exclusion Superconducting Quantum Metamaterial: Towards Quantum-level Switching

Nonlinear and switchable metamaterials achieved by artificial structuring on the subwavelength scale have become a central topic in photonics research. Switching with only a few quanta of excitation per metamolecule, metamaterial's elementary building block, is the ultimate goal, achieving which will open new opportunities for energy efficient signal handling and quantum information processing. Recently, arrays of Josephson junction devices have been proposed as a possible solution. However, they require extremely high levels of nanofabrication. Here we introduce a new quantum superconducting metamaterial which exploits the magnetic flux quantization for switching. It does not contain Josephson junctions, making it simple to fabricate and scale into large arrays. The metamaterial was manufactured from a high-temperature superconductor and characterized in the low intensity regime, providing the first observation of the quantum phenomenon of flux exclusion affecting the far-field electromagnetic properties of the metamaterial

Mutual funds as a form of collective investment in Russia

The relevance of the research problem inspired with the fact nowadays there is a need for theoretical generalization based on international experience the essence of the collective investment system and the rationale for prioritizing the mutual funds development as the most attractive form of collective investment. The goal of the article lies in theoretical provisions development and practical recommendations for mutual Funds modernization and development as a form of collective investment. A leading approach to study this problem is a classical approach that can identify the characteristics of different forms in collective investment, mutual Funds benefits as a promising form of collective investments organization. Main results of the research are to formulate definitions of collective investment, collective investment that allows you to build a model of the collective investments system in Russia, reflecting the relationship and interdependence of an elements set and having relative isolation from other segments of the financial market. Also there were developed priorities for the mutual funds development as a promising form of collective investment in the Russian Federation. The article can be useful, that developed in that position develop theory for collective investment in management system private savings (personal finance). Suggested ways of improving the mutual funds functioning can be used in the practice of collective investments for providing safety of investors’ financial resources, increase control and mitigate risk. © 2016 Tershukova et al