СONCENTRATION OF ANTI-INFLAMATORY CYTOKINES IN CELL CULTURE SUPERNATANTS IN CHILDREN WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints in children, mainly of autoimmune or auto-inflammatory nature. It is a heterogeneous group, which includes different subtypes of the disease. Different mechanisms may play role in the pathogenesis of distinct subtypes of juvenile arthritis. However, a long-term imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is important for all subtypes of disease. The aim of the present study was to determine spontaneous and stimulated anti-inflammatory cytokines production by peripheral blood cells from the children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Patients of 2 to 17 years old with different subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n = 99) and healthy children without signs of autoimmune diseases (control, n = 31) were examined. Spontaneous and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated concentrations of IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β in supernatants of whole-blood cultures were determined by ELISA. Differences in the spontaneous and mitogen-stimulated secretion of the cytokines in patients with different subtypes of juvenile arthritis have not been revealed. The spontaneous IL-1ra, IL-4 and IL-10 production by blood cells in the common group of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis was similar to the controls. The median value of spontaneous TGF-β concentration in the patients was below the detection level, whereas blood cells of healthy children had a higher potential of spontaneous TGF-β production. IL-4 and IL-10 production after incubation of peripheral blood cells with phytohemagglutinin in patients and in the control group did not differ from the controls, while IL-1ra and TGF-β synthesis was significantly lower than in healthy children.The spontaneous and/or stimulated production of IL-1ra, TGF-β by blood cells in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis reflects the pathogenic significance of these cytokines in disease. Stimulation of cells can reveal a latent deficiency in the synthesis of cytokines, which is not evident when determining its concentration in serum or supernatants of spontaneous whole-blood cultures

The proinflammatore cytokine production by peripheral blood cells in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Children and teenagers with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n=100) and conditionally healthy children (n=31) were investigated. The concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IF-γ и TNF-α in supernatants of spontaneous and stimulated by phitogemmagglutinin peripheral blood cells cultures were defined by ELISA. It was found that the spontaneous production of IL-1β, IL-8, IF-γ и TNF-α was more intensive in patients with arthritis in comparison with control, and it was the evidence of important role of these cytokines in pathogenesis of juvenile arthritis. Low mitogenstimulated levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and IF-γ in children with arthritis in comparison with healthy children indicates depletion of immunocompetent cells functional reserves.Обследованы дети и подростки 2—17 лет с ювенильным идиопатическим артритом (n=100) и условно здоровые дети соответствующего возраста (контроль, n=31). Методом ИФА определяли концентрацию ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-6, ИЛ-8, ИНФ-γ и ФНО-α в супернатантах спонтанных и стимулированных фитогемагглютинином культур клеток периферической крови. Выявлена более интенсивная спонтанная продукция клетками крови ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-8, ФНОα и ИНФγ у больных по сравнению с контрольной группой, что отражает участие данных цитокинов в патогенезе ювенильного артрита. Снижение выработки ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-8 и ИНФγ при стимуляции митогеном у детей с ювенильным идиопатическим артритом по сравнению со здоровыми детьми свидетельствует об истощении функциональных резервов иммунокомпетентных клеток

REGULATORY T-CELLS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES

Children and teenagers aged 10-17 years old with juvenile arthritis (n=99), with reactive arthritis (n=21), with systemic sclerosis (n=16), with systemic lupus erythematosus (n=14) and conditionally healthy (n=32) are investigated. It’s revealed by the method of flow cytometry that quantity of regulatory T-cells (CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127low/neg) in children with juvenile arthritis, with reactive arthritis and with systemicsclerosis was lower than in the control group. The amount of Treg in children with systemic lupus erythematosus was the same to the control level. The decrease of Treg number in most of investigated groups indicates that these cells are involved in the pathogenesis of an autoimmune diseases in children. It’s remaining unknown what’s the reason of normal Treg content in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in contrast with other autoimmune diseases. There were positive correlation between the percentage of Treg and the amount ofdamaged joints in children with reactive arthritis and negative correlation between the amount of Treg and SLEDAI in children with systemic lupus erythematosus. The significant correlations between the numbers of CD3+CD25+, CD3+CD4+CD25+ and Treg were revealed, so there isn’t any reasonability of estimation of CD3+ and CD4+cells which are expressed CD25 as separate parameters

ROLE OF MACROPHAGES IN REGULATION OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL MIGRATION IN BONE MARROW PERIPHERAL BLOOD SYSTEM

Mechanisms by which HSCs mobilize into damaged organs are currently under scrutiny.Macrophage role in these processes is investigated. In this study, we performed a flow cytometry analysis ofCD117+CD38+ and CD117+CD90low HSCs quantity in murine peripheral blood and bone marrow after liverand kidney injury under stimulation of phagocyte mononuclear system by injection of tamerit. This study havedemonstrated increased levels of CD117+CD38+ HSCs in bone marrow after partial hepatectomy, along withtheir migration to peripheral blood in response to tamerit injection. We also demonstrated that peripheralblood CD117+CD38+ HSCs levels were elevated after kidney injury. After partial hepatectomy, nochangesof CD117+CD90low HSCs quantity in investigated tissues were detected. We observed increased number ofCD117+CD90low HSCs in murine blood following kidney injury. Thus, we observed different influence ofmacrophage stimulation on the quantity of CD117+CD38+ and CD117+CD90low cells. These data suggestthat HSCs mobilization from the bone marrow to peripheral blood depends, at least in part, on phagocytemononuclear system, and that macrophage stimulation is important for proliferation and migration of variousHSCs populations following liver and kidney injury

Temperature and Shear Stress Effect on Reological Properties of Oil-Disperse Systems

На примере семи нефтей различных месторождений России с помощью ротационного вискозиметра Brookfield DV-II+Pro проведено исследование вязкости нефтяных дисперсных систем в диапазоне температур 20-70°C при различных скоростях сдвига. По полученным экспериментальным данным по уравнению Эйринга – Френкеля рассчитаны энергии активации вязкого течения E и изменения энтропии ?S в исследованных условиях. Обнаружено, что повышение скорости сдвига приводит к постепенному исчезновению различия между значениями Е1 и Е2 в области низких (T T*) температур нефтей, где T* ? 40-50 °C – температура фазового перехода, близкая к температуре плавления содержащихся в нефтях парафинов. На этом основании выдвинута гипотеза, что эффект, происходящий при нагреве нефтей до T = T*, можно обеспечить и механическим способом при T T* до и после воздействия сдвиговых деформаций на ее тонкий слой (2,1 мм) внутри измерительной ячейки ротационного вискозиметра. Впервые установлено, что при фазовом переходе при температуре T* происходит многократное уменьшение размеров частиц наноагрегатов в нефтях, причем подобного эффекта можно достичь и при T T*) oil temperatures, where T* ? 40-50 °C is phase transition temperature close to the paraffin melting temperature found in the oils. This is the basis of the theory that the effect which happens when the oils are heated to T = T*, can also be obtained mechanically at T T* before and after the action of shear deformations on it's thin layer (2.1 mm) inside the measuring cell of the rotary viscometer. It was established for the first time that a phase transition at a temperature T* causes a multiple decrease in the particle sizes of the nanoaggregates in oils, a similar effect can be achieved at T < T*, if the oil is subjected to shear deformations. The magnitude of the shear stress ?* ? 10 Па, at which the particles of the nanoaggregates in the oils are destroyed, is estimated. It is shown that, according to the experiment, the decrease in oil viscosity with increasing shear rate is caused by the growth of entropy due to the destruction of coagulation structures and particles of the disperse phase of oil dispersed systems. Moreover, the effect of the entropy changes is greater than when the energy of activation for viscous flow increases due to the destruction of nanoaggregates in oils