THE RISKS ASSOCIATED TO THE HOARFROST PHENOMENON IN THE REGHIN HILLS

Hoarfrost, being a hydrometeor which is produced only in the presence of frost, represents a major risk factor to agriculture especially when it appears early in autumn, 2-3 weeks earlier then the average date of appearance and late in spring, in the second decade of April and the first decade of May. This paper shows an analysis of the parameters which define the hoarfrost phenomenon in order to highlight the vulnerability of the analysed area regarding this phenomenon. In a first phase, in order to identify the periods of high vulnerability, we analysed the frequency of the days with minimum temperatures ≤ 0C, and in order to highlight the vulnerability of the studied area regarding the hoarfrost phenomenon we analysed the parameters which define the hoarfrost phenomenon: the medium annual number of days with hoarfrost and their multiannual variation, the frequency of the annual deviations from the multiannual average, the monthly and season variation of the days with hoarfrost, the medium and extreme dates of hoarfrost production and the frequency and degree of assurance of the monthly number of hoarfrost days of different lengths. The analysis of the parameters which define the hoarfrost phenomenon was realized on the basis of the information recorded at the two metorological stations present in the studied area, the Târgu Mureş Metorological Station and the Batoş Metorological Station and the Eremitu and Gurghiu rainfall stations for the 1978-2008 period

THE IMPACT OF NATURAL HAZARDS OVER TOURISTIC VALORIFICATION OF GEOMORGOLOGICAL SITES FROM BUZĂU SUBCARPATHIANS

The geological and geomorphological structure of Buzăului Subcarpathians, a subunit of Curvature Subcarpathians, increases the apparition risk of natural hazards associated with distinct risk phenomena. The intensity, frequency and length result in a rapid modification of existent relief forms (morphography, morphometry and morphology) and the apparition of new ones, but also the accentuation of slope instability, with strong effects on road and touristic infrastructure. There are frequent processes that appear in this region, such as landslides, falls and mudflows that are associated with geomorphologic and hydrologic risks. The high vulnerability of geomorphological sites to geomorphologic and hydrologic hazards has a negative influence over the region’s touristic activity. The decrease of tourist’s number and of transport activities, accommodation and other services are determined by the difficult access to these geomorphological sites: sloppy roads, floods, sites isolation, but also by the absence of promotion programs, partial or total sites destruction, the impossibility of economical exploitation etc

THE HUMAN RISKS CAUSED BY DEINDUSTRIALI-SATION. CASE STUDY: CERNA RIVER BASIN (HUNEDOARA COUNTY)

Human Risks caused by deindustrialization. Case Study: Cerna River Basin (Hunedoara County). Industrial restructuring during economic transition has affected the population, causing loss of jobs, reduced income, increased poverty and emphasizing social inequalities and marginalization phenomenon. These have led to population decline, massive emigration, difficulties in finding a job as well as an increased incidence of certain diseases, negatively influencing socio-economic development of the area

THE RUPESTRIAN PLACES OF ALUNIŞU – POSSIBLE TOURISMGEOMORPHOLOGICAL SITES

The Rupestrian Places of Alunişu – Possible Tourism Geomorphological Sites. The existence of sandstones on very large areas in this region, corroborated with the fact that it appears in daylight in many places, has allowed man to make it profitable. The Kliwa sandstones specific to this area have been used in two different ways: firstly in a traditional manner, where the rock is used as a construction material and secondly, shaping it in situ. The friability of the sandstone deposits and the moderate compaction degree has enabled man to mould it even in a rudimentary manner specific to the Paleolithic or the Neolithic era. During the Middle Ages, on the background of the religious and political strains, a rather religious use of these places is recorded, also sustained by the climate and the morphology of the region. The low erosion rate, the isolation and a very difficult access have allowed great preservation in time and their turning into historical sites of great value. The anthropogenic factor completes, by its presence and by the activities deployed in the perimeter of this archeological site, the matrix of interactions between the physical and the environment made human in this way; man has changed the structure and the function of some of these religious places (churches and others) from the sandstone deposits, and this fact enabled us to identify the evolution of this site by geomorphological criteria, a process simultaneous with the historical research. Due to the anthropogenic influence and the natural one, these geosites have gained a scientific, social, cultural, economic and tourism value as well as other additional values, which have turned them into geomorphosites

THE HORTON-STRAHLER RIVER ORDER IMPLEMENTATION RELEVANCE WITHIN THE ANALYSIS OF THE ALMAŞ BASIN RELIEF

The Horton-Strahler River Order Implementation Relevance within the Analysis of the Almaș Basin. The purpose of the present study/research aims at underlining the importance of the enforcement of the river order within the analysis of the Almaș basin relief. The topic was chosen based on the fact that the hydrographic networks hierarchy offers at the same time quality and quantity information, on the relief evolution tendency and also the chance to compare the Almaș tributary sub-basins ones with the others and also with other basins of the same order belonging to other morphological units. The results thus achieved offer information on the rivers order, the confluence report, the river segments density, the form/shape report. The values corresponding to the previously mentioned index, have led us to formulating the following conclusion: the evolution of the Almaș hydrographic network appears therefore strongly influenced by the lithologic sub-layer, by the presence of brittle rocks, by accentuated fragmentation and by the wide energy of the relief, nevertheless by the presence of the local subsidence area/region of Someș, from Jibou

THE MAXIMUM AMOUNTS OF RAINFALL FALLEN IN SHORT PERIODS OF TIME IN THE HILLY AREA OF CLUJ COUNTY - GENESIS, DISTRIBUTION AND PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE

The maximum amounts of rainfall are usually characterized by high intensity, and their effects on the substrate are revealed, at slope level, by the deepening of the existing forms of torrential erosion and also by the formation of new ones, and by landslide processes. For the 1971-2000 period, for the weather stations in the hilly area of Cluj County: Cluj- Napoca, Dej, Huedin and Turda the highest values of rainfall amounts fallen in 24, 48 and 72 hours were analyzed and extracted, based on which the variation and the spatial and temporal distribution of the precipitation were analyzed. The annual probability of exceedance of maximum rainfall amounts fallen in short time intervals (24, 48 and 72 hours), based on thresholds and class values was determined, using climatological practices and the Hyfran program facilities

THE AESTHETIC AND ECOLOGICAL VALUES OF CLUJ-NAPOCA URBAN LANDSCAPE

The Aesthetic and Ecological Values of Cluj-Napoca Urban Landscape. The aim of the paper at hand is the aesthetic and ecological evaluation of the City of Cluj-Napoca urban landscape, relevant for designing and developing the contemporary urban space and outlining Cluj-Napoca urban landscapes. The method used in this endeavour is based on the relation between the landscape's ecological and aesthetic values. A combined matrix was developed, containing the above mentioned values, and points were awarded for every type of identified landscape (nine in total). The correlation based on these points was represented graphically. Higher scores were awarded to those landscapes with high ecological as well as aesthetic values, such as parks and public gardens which also contain wild flora, while lower scores were obtained by industrial areas and abandoned sites. Our undertaking is interdisciplinary, combining the results of geographic research with aspects of urban planning