Physical and Thermal Characteristics of Solid Bio Ethanol

The production of solid bio ethanol is one way to develop bio ethanol downstream products. This study aims to determine the best solid bio ethanol characteristics in various concentrations of bio ethanol and ratio of bio ethanol with stearic acid. Research using Factorial Random Block Design. Factor I is the concentration of bio ethanol with 3 levels i.e. 70% (v / v), 80% (v / v), and 90% (v / v). Factor II is the ratio of bio ethanol with stearic acid to 3 levels i.e. 2: 1 (w / w); 1: 1 (w / w) and 1: 2 (w / w). The results of the study shown that the concentration of bio ethanol and the ratio of bio ethanol and stearic acid significantly affect the specific fuel consumption, the interaction is very significantly to hardness, density, long flame, burning residue, calorific value, thermal efficiency and water boiling test value, but does not affect the ash content of the solid bio ethanol. The best characteristic was obtained from bio ethanol concentration treatment of 90% in the ratio of bio ethanol and stearic acid of 2: 1 with a hardness value of 0.938 N / cm2, density of 0.702 g/cm3, ash content of 0.0002%, residual burning of 1.93%, calorific value of 7.003,47  cal /g and thermal efficiency of 79.99%, Water Boiling Test of 36.95 minutes and Specific Fuel Consumption of 72.65 g / L    Keywords: bio ethanol, stearic acid, solid bio ethanol, physical and thermal characteristic

Biodegradable Plastic Characteristics of Cassava Starch Modified in Variations Temperature and Drying Time

This study aims to (1) know the effect of temperature and drying time on the characteristics of biodegradable plastic from cassava starch modified, (2) determine the temperature and drying time is right to produce biodegradable plastics from cassava starch modified with the best characteristics. This study uses a randomized block design with factorial experiment. The first factor is the temperature of the drying which consists of 5 levels that were 50 ° C, 55 ° C, 60 ° C, 65 ° C and 70 ° C. The second factor is the drying time consists of 3 levels, namely 5, 6 and 7 hours. Each combination of treatments grouped into two based on process making of biodegradable plastic, so there are 30 experimental units. Data were analyzed of variance and followed by Duncan test. The observed variables include mechanical and physical test consists of tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus (elasticity), swelling of volume and degradation time. The results of the research showed that the temperature and drying time by using automatic cabinet dryer with an air flow 5 + 0.1 m3 / min, very significant effect on tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus, percent swelling of volume and time of degradation biodegradable plastic of cassava starch modified. Temperature of 50 ° C with 5 hours drying by using automatic dryer cabinet with an air flow of 5 + 0.1 m3 / min,  had characteristics of  biodegradable plastics : tensile strength of 1057.40 M Pa, elongation at break of 15.95%, Young's modulus of 6629,47 M Pa, swelling of volume of 9.91% and degradation time of 7 days. Keywords: biodegradable plastic, cassava starch modified, temperature and drying tim

Produksi Bioetanol dari Hidrolisat Asam Tepung Ubi Kayu dengan Kultur Campuran Trichoderma viride dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The objective of this research was to produce bioethanol from acid hydrolysate cassava flour with mix cultured Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The hydrolysis of cassava flour to glucose was conducted by 0.4 M sulfuric acid using autoclave at 121°C, pressure at 1 atm for 10 min. The fermentation were performed in batch system for 96 hours in 30°C. Mixed culture of T. viride and S. cerevisiae in the fermentation process of acid hydrolysate carried out in two methode that is gradually and simultaneously. The results showed the acid hydrolyzate of cassava flour has a total sugar concentration of 38.93 ± 8.09% (w/v) and reducing sugar concentration of 22.04 ± 4.31% (w/v) . In the bioethanol production process shows that the bioethanol concentration 6.77 ± 1.23% (v/v), yield 27,97% (v/w) and fermentation effciency 59,01% of the theoretical value was achieved using gradually addition of mixed culture, while simultaneously addition of mixed culture was produced ethanol concentration 4.96 ± 0.39%(v/v), yield 19.85% (v/w) and fermentation effciency 62.72% of the theoretical value.ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memproduksi bioetanol dari hidrolisat asam tepung ubi kayu dengan menggunakan kultur campuran Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hidrolisis tepung ubi kayu untuk menghasilkan glukosa dilakukan dengan menggunakan H2SO4 0.4M, pada suhu 121°C, tekanan 1 atm selama 10 menit. Proses fermentasi dilaksanakan secara batch selama 96 jam pada suhu 30°C. Pencampuran kultur T. viride dan S. cerevisiae pada proses fermentasi hidrolisat asam dilakukan dalam dua metode yaitu secara bertahap dan secara simultan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hidrolisat asam tepung ubi kayu mempunyai konsentrasi total gula 38,93 ± 8,09% (b/v) dan konsentrasi gula reduksi 22,04 ± 4,31% (b/v). Pada proses produksi bioetanol menunjukan bahwa dengan pencampuran kultur secara bertahap menghasilkan konsentrasi bioetanol 6,77 ± 1,23% (v/v), rendemen 27,97% (v/w) dan efisiensi fermentasi 59,01% dari perolehan bioetanol secara teoritis, sedangkan dengan pencampuran kultur secara simultan menghasilkan konsentrasi bioetanol 4,96 ± 0,39%(v/v), rendemen 19,85% (v/w) dan efisiensi fermentasi 62,72% dari perolehan bioetanol secara teoritis

Selection and the Growth Condition Optimization of Ethanol‐Producing Microbes Isolated from Ragi Tapai

Ethanol is a biofuel produced from renewable resources, which potentially plays an important role in solving future fuel problems. This study aimed to select the highest ethanol-producing isolate from candidates obtained from previously isolated candidates from ragi and cassava tapai. The selection process was conducted in 2 stages, namely: 1) Selection of the highest ethanol-producing isolate from seven isolate candidates using PYG media containing peptone, yeast extract, and glucose at 0.75%, 0.75%, and 15%, respectively and was followed by: 2) Optimization of the growth conditions of the highest ethanol-producing isolate, which was conducted at various temperatures of 27, 30, 33, 35, 37, and 40°C with the combination of various pH of 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5. The experimental results showed that the R5I3 isolate was the highest ethanol-producing performance isolate, which yielded approximately 4.69±0.25% (v/v). Following the temperature and pH optimization of the fermentation processes, the optimum growth conditions were at 35°C and pH 5.5, where the ethanol produced was increased to 8.63 ± 0.04% (v/v). With these results, this new strain has the potential to be used in bioethanol production processes and other industrial applications

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PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI HIDROLISAT ASAM TEPUNG UBI KAYU DENGAN KULTUR CAMPURAN Trichoderma viride dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ethanol Production From Acid Hydrolysate Cassava Flour with Mixed Culture Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

The objective of this research was to produce bioethanol from acid hydrolysate cassava flour with mix cultured Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The hydrolysis of cassava flour to glucose was conducted by 0.4 M sulfuric acid using autoclave at 121°C, pressure at 1 atm for 10 min. The fermentation were performed in batch system for 96 hours in 30°C. Mixed culture of T. viride and S. cerevisiae in the fermentation process of acid hydrolysate carried out in two methode that is gradually and simultaneously. The results showed the acid hydrolyzate of cassava flour has a total sugar concentration of 38.93 ± 8.09% (w/v) and reducing sugar concentration of 22.04 ± 4.31% (w/v) . In the bioethanol production process shows that the bioethanol concentration 6.77 ± 1.23% (v/v), yield 27,97% (v/w) and fermentation effciency 59,01% of the theoretical value was achieved using gradually addition of mixed culture, while simultaneously addition of mixed culture was produced ethanol concentration 4.96 ± 0.39%(v/v), yield 19.85% (v/w) and fermentation effciency 62.72% of the theoretical value. Keywords: Bioethanol, cassava flour, acid hidrolysate, Trichoderma viride, Saccharomyces cerevisiae   ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memproduksi bioetanol dari hidrolisat asam tepung ubi kayu dengan menggunakan kultur campuran Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hidrolisis tepung ubi kayu untuk menghasilkan glukosa dilakukan dengan menggunakan H2SO4 0.4M, pada suhu 121°C, tekanan 1 atm selama 10 menit. Proses fermentasi dilaksanakan secara batch selama 96 jam pada suhu 30°C. Pencampuran kultur T. viride dan S. cerevisiae pada proses fermentasi hidrolisat asam dilakukan dalam dua metode yaitu secara bertahap dan secara simultan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hidrolisat asam tepung ubi kayu mempunyai konsentrasi total gula 38,93 ± 8,09% (b/v) dan konsentrasi gula reduksi 22,04 ± 4,31% (b/v). Pada proses produksi bioetanol menunjukan bahwa dengan pencampuran kultur secara bertahap menghasilkan konsentrasi bioetanol 6,77 ± 1,23% (v/v), rendemen 27,97% (v/w) dan efisiensi fermentasi 59,01% dari perolehan bioetanol secara teoritis, sedangkan dengan pencampuran kultur secara simultan menghasilkan konsentrasi bioetanol 4,96 ± 0,39%(v/v), rendemen 19,85% (v/w) dan efisiensi fermentasi 62,72% dari perolehan bioetanol secara teoritis. Kata kunci: Bioetanol, tepung ubi kayu, hidrolisat asam, Trichoderma viride, Saccharomyces cerevisia

PEMANFAATAN SAMPAH ORGANIK MENJADI PUPUK KOMPOS DENGAN BANTUAN MIKROORGANISME DI DESA SIBETAN KARANGASEM

ABSTRACT Sibetan village which located in Karangasem Regency eastern of Bali is well known for its zallaca farming, that produces high quality and original taste of zallaca fruits. Zallaca,s post harvest process in farmer’s and distributor’s level produces enough quantity of organic waste. This waste currently is become a pollutant to their neighborhood and their soil. Even tough the majority of the waste is organic, it still became a disturbance because of its large volume. Hence, a special method or treatment is needed to solve this problem. Composting this organic waste through the helps of micro-organisms is became the selected method because this process is able to decreases the volume of the organic waste, and also the fermented waste is useful as an organic fertilizer. The fermented waste add a value to the zallaca’s farmer in order to decrease the dependency to artificial fertilizer, and helps increase the income of the zallaca’s farmer with the decrease allocations of farming expenses to bought an artificial fertilizer. </em