Kinstate intervention in ethnic conflicts : Albania and Turkey compared

Albania and Turkey did not act in overtly irredentist ways towards their ethnic brethren in neighboring states after the end of communism. Why, nonetheless, did Albania facilitate the increase of ethnic conflict in Kosovo and Macedonia, while Turkey did not, with respect to the Turks of Bulgaria? I argue that kin-states undergoing transition are more prone to intervene in external conflicts than states that are not, regardless of the salience of minority demands in the host-state. The transition weakens the institutions of the kin-state. Experiencing limited institutional constraints, self-seeking state officials create alliances with secessionist and autonomist movements across borders alongside their own ideological, clan-based and particularistic interests. Such alliances are often utilized to advance radical domestic agendas. Unlike in Albania's transition environment, in Turkey there were no emerging elites that could potentially form alliances and use external movements to legitimize their own domestic existence or claims

Status of electron temperature and density measurement with beam emission spectroscopy on thermal helium at TEXTOR

Beam emission spectroscopy on thermal helium is used at the TEXTOR tokamak as a reliable method to obtain radial profiles of electron temperature T-e(r, t) and electron density ne(r, t). In this paper the experimental realization of this method at TEXTOR and the status of the atomic physics employed as well as the major factors for the measurement's accuracy are evaluated. On the experimental side, the hardware specifications are described and the impact of the beam atoms on the local plasma parameters is shown to be negligible. On the modeling side the collisional-radiative model (CRM) applied to infer ne and Te from the measured He line intensities is evaluated. The role of proton and deuteron collisions and of charge exchange processes is studied with a new CRM and the impact of these so far neglected processes appears to be of minor importance. Direct comparison to Thomson scattering and fast triple probe data showed that for high densities ne > 3.5 x 10(19) m(-3) the T-e values deduced with the established CRM are too low. However, the new atomic data set implemented in the new CRM leads in general to higher Te values. This allows us to specify the range of reliable application of BES on thermal helium to a range of 2.0 x 10(18) < n(e) < 2.0 x 10(19) m(-3) and 10eV < T-e < 250eV which can be extended by routine application of the new CRM

Turkish Newspapers: How They Use ‘Brexit’ for Domestic Political Gain

The EU is the pinnacle of modernity to some Turks, whilst something to be loathed by others. Although Turkey’s Islamic-rooted government pays lip service to joining the EU, very little progress has been achieved during its time in office. News of Britain’s EU referendum received mixed reactions in the Turkish press, depending on where the newspaper falls in Turkey’s deeply polarised political landscape. Throughout the Turkish press, coverage of foreign news is either ‘news stories’ sourced from Western news agencies or opinion pieces where more ‘home grown’ views of events are expressed. This chapter examines how a mainstream ‘oppositional’ online newspaper represented the EU referendum in opinion pieces. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, the chapter explores how stories of the referendum are used by the newspaper to express criticism about the government’s domestic and international affairs. I reveal how these criticisms are ideologically driven to the advantage of those associated with the newspaper, but do little in terms of informing the public of the foreign events that directly affect them