Bose-Einstein Condensation Temperature of Homogenous Weakly Interacting Bose Gas in Variational Perturbation Theory Through Seven Loops

The shift of the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature for a homogenous weakly interacting Bose gas in leading order in the scattering length `a' is computed for given particle density `n.' Variational perturbation theory is used to resum the corresponding perturbative series for Delta/Nu in a classical three-dimensional scalar field theory with coupling `u' and where the physical case of N=2 field components is generalized to arbitrary N. Our results for N=1,2,4 are in agreement with recent Monte-Carlo simulations; for N=2, we obtain Delta T_c/T_c = 1.27 +/- 0.11 a n^(1/3). We use seven-loop perturbative coefficients, extending earlier work by one loop order.Comment: 8 pages; typos and errors of presentation fixed; beautifications; results unchange

Low-molecular weight heparin protamine complex augmented the potential of adipose-derived stromal cells to ameliorate limb ischemia

Center for Regenerative Medicine, Research Support Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, JapanCenter for Regenerative Medicine, Research Support Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, JapanCenter for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, JapanCenter for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, JapanCenter for Regenerative Medicine, Research Support Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan:Department of Cardiology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama, JapanCenter for Regenerative Medicine, Research Support Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, JapanCenter for Regenerative Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japa

An HIV-1 Nef genotype that diminishes immune control mediated by protective human leucocyte antigen alleles

Objectives: Certain human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B alleles (protective alleles) associate with durable immune control of HIV-1, but with substantial heterogeneity in the level of control. It remains elusive whether viral factors including Nef-mediated immune evasion function diminish protective allele effect on viral control. / Design: The naturally occurring non-Ser variant at position 9 of HIV-1 subtype C Nef has recently exhibited an association with enhanced HLA-B downregulation function and decreased susceptibility to recognition by CD8+ T cells. We therefore hypothesized this Nef genotype leads to diminished immune control mediated by protective HLA alleles. / Methods: Nef sequences were isolated from HIV-1 subtype C-infected patients harboring protective alleles and several Nef functions including downregulation of HLA-A, HLA-B, CD4, and SERINC5 were examined. Association between Nef non-Ser9 and plasma viral load was examined in two independent South African and Botswanan treatment-naïve cohorts. / Results: Nef clones isolated from protective allele+ individuals encoding Nef non-Ser9 variant exhibited greater ability to downregulate HLA-B when compared with the Ser9 variant, while other Nef functions including HLA-A, CD4, and SERINC5 downregulation activity were unaltered. By analyzing a cohort of South African participants chronically infected with subtype C HIV-1, Nef non-Ser9 associated with higher plasma viral load in patients harboring protective alleles. Corroboratively, the Nef non-Ser9 correlated with higher plasma viral load in an independent cohort in Botswana. / Conclusion: Taken together, our study identifies the Nef genotype, non-Ser9 that subverts host immune control in HIV-1 subtype C infection

Presynaptic regulation of the inhibitory transmission by GluR5-containing kainate receptors in spinal substantia gelatinosa

GluR5-containing kainate receptors (KARs) are known to be involved in nociceptive transmission. Our previous work has shown that the activation of presynaptic KARs regulates GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic transmission in cultured dorsal horn neurons. However, the role of GluR5-containing KARs in the modulation of inhibitory transmission in the spinal substantia gelatinosa (SG) in slices remains unknown. In the present study, pharmacological, electrophysiological and genetic methods were used to show that presynaptic GluR5 KARs are involved in the modulation of inhibitory transmission in the SG of spinal slices in vitro. The GluR5 selective agonist, ATPA, facilitated the frequency but not amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in SG neurons. ATPA increased sIPSC frequency in all neurons with different firing patterns as delayed, tonic, initial and single spike patterns. The frequency of either GABAergic or glycinergic sIPSCs was significantly increased by ATPA. ATPA could also induce inward currents in all SG neurons recorded. The frequency, but not amplitude, of action potential-independent miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) was also facilitated by ATPA in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the effect of ATPA on the frequency of either sIPSCs or mIPSCs was abolished in GluR5(-/- )mice. Deletion of the GluR5 subunit gene had no effect on the frequency or amplitude of mIPSCs in SG neurons. However, GluR5 antagonist LY293558 reversibly inhibited sIPSC and mIPSC frequencies in spinal SG neurons. Taken together, these results suggest that GluR5 KARs, which may be located at presynaptic terminals, contribute to the modulation of inhibitory transmission in the SG. GluR5-containing KARs are thus important for spinal sensory transmission/modulation in the spinal cord

Study of parameters in focus simulation functions of virtual slide

As a special function of Virtual Slide (VS) for thick specimens like cytology slides, multilayer (Z-stack) simulated focus and focus fusion were introduced. From the standpoint of surgical pathologist, the optimum parameters for multilayer focus simulation were examined. First, minimal thickness of the layer was checked by measuring thickness of small cells counting the number of the layers that come into focus. Then the optimal number of layers to scan, total thickness, was tried. Small-sized cell nuclei showed around 2μm or less thickness. As minimal thickness of one layer for focus simulation, less than 2 μm is required. Papillary cell mass of urothelial carcinoma, aspiration cytology specimen of breast or thyroid, and uterine cervical smear showed different optimal thickness. Cells piling up more than 4 to 5 layer are difficult to make close up observation. Total 15 (to 30) μm thick scan was enough for most specimens. The “focus fusion” image is single layer image synthesized from multiple layer images. Several layer thicknesses were examined, and there was negligible difference between the focus fusion image synthesized from 0.25 and 1μm thick layers. In the focus fusion image synthesized from 3μm thick layers, some cells not to come into focus. The “focus fusion” seems to contain all the cells in one plane, and easy for screening. To emphasize the existence of myoepithelial cells in fibroadenoma of breast, or to clarify the 3-dimensional tissue structure, multilayer image was better. From our results, 10 layers with 1.5μm thick each provide sufficient information in most specimens

Influence of steps on the tilting and adsorption dynamics of ordered Pn films on vicinal Ag(111) surfaces

Here we present a structural study of pentacene (Pn) thin films on vicinal Ag(111) surfaces by He atom diffraction measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations supplemented with van der Waals (vdW) interactions. Our He atom diffraction results suggest initial adsorption at the step edges evidenced by initial slow specular reflection intensity decay rate as a function of Pn deposition time. In parallel with the experimental findings, our DFT+vdW calculations predict the step edges as the most stable adsorption site on the surface. An isolated molecule adsorbs as tilted on the step edge with a binding energy of 1.4 eV. In addition, a complete monolayer (ML) with pentacenes flat on the terraces and tilted only at the step edges is found to be more stable than one with all lying flat or tilted molecules, which in turn influences multilayers. Hence our results suggest that step edges can trap Pn molecules and act as nucleation sites for the growth of ordered thin films with a crystal structure similar to that of bulk Pn.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

Holographic Approach to Regge Trajectory and Rotating D5 brane

We study the Regge trajectories of holographic mesons and baryons by considering rotating strings and D5 brane, which is introduced as the baryon vertex. Our model is based on the type IIB superstring theory with the background of asymptotic $AdS_5\times S^5$. This background is dual to a confining supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (SYM) with gauge condensate, $$, which determines the tension of the linear potential between the quark and anti-quark. Then the slope of the meson trajectory ($\alpha'_{M}$) is given by this condensate as $\alpha'_{M}=1/\sqrt{\pi }$ at large spin $J$. This relation is compatible with the other theoretical results and experiments. For the baryon, we show the importance of spinning baryon vertex to obtain a Regge slope compatible with the one of $N$ and $\Delta$ series. In both cases, mesons and baryons, the trajectories are shifted to large mass side with the same slope for increasing current quark mass.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figure