1 research outputs found
Glutathione and its dependent enzymes' modulatory responses to toxic metals and metalloids in fish: a review
Toxic metals and metalloid are being rapidly
added from multiple pathways to aquatic ecosystem and
causing severe threats to inhabiting fauna including fish.
Being common in all the type of aquatic ecosystems such
as freshwater, marine and brackish water fish are the first to
get prone to toxic metals and metalloids. In addition to a
number of physiological/biochemical alterations, toxic
metals and metalloids cause enhanced generation of varied
reactive oxygen species (ROS) ultimately leading to a situ-
ation called oxidative stress. However, as an important com-
ponent of antioxidant defence system in fish, the tripeptide
glutathione (GSH) directly or indirectly regulates the scav-
enging of ROS and their reaction products. Additionally,
several other GSH-associated enzymes such as GSH reduc-
tase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), GSH peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9), and
GSH sulfotransferase (glutathione-S-transferase (GST), EC
2.5.1.18) cumulatively protect fish against ROS and their
reaction products accrued anomalies under toxic metals and
metalloids stress conditions. The current review highlights
recent research findings on the modulation of GSH, its redox
couple (reduced glutathione/oxidised glutathione), and other
GSH-related enzymes (GR, glutathione peroxidase, GST)
involved in the detoxification of harmful ROS and their
reaction products in toxic metals and metalloids-exposed
fish