146 research outputs found
ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ Π ΠΈΠ΄Π°βΠ‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²
The article explores the syndrome invariants of ΠΠ-group of automorphisms of ReedβSolomon codes (RS-codes) that are a joint group of affine and cyclic permutations. The found real invariants are a set of norms of N Π-orbits that make up one or another ΠΠ-orbit. The norms of Π-orbits are vectors with 2 1 CΞ΄β coordinates from the Galois field, that are determined by all kinds of pairs of components of the error syndromes. In this form, the invariants of the ΠΠ-orbits were cumbersome and difficult to use. Therefore, their replacement by conditional partial invariants is proposed. These quasi-invariants are called norm-projections. Norm-projection uniquely identifies its ΠΠ-orbit and therefore serves as an adequate way for formulating the error correction method by RS-codes based on ΠΠ-orbits. The power of the ΠΠ-orbits is estimated by the value of N2, equal to the square of the length of the RS-code. The search for error vectors in transmitted messages by a new method is reduced to parsing the ΠΠβorbits, but actually their norm-projections, with the subsequent search for these errors within a particular ΠΠ-orbit. Therefore, the proposed method works almost N2 times faster than traditional syndrome methods, operating on the basic of the βsyndrome β errorβ principle, that boils down to parsing the entire set of error vectors until a specific vector is found.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΠ-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΈΠ΄Π°βΠ‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½Π° (Π Π‘βΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
) β ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌ N Π-ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ ΠΠ-ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π-ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ 2 1 CΞ΄β ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ° β ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΠ-ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π³ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈ-ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΠ-ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΠ-ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ-ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ N2, ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²-ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠ-ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ β ΠΈΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΌ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ- ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ-ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡ. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² N2 ΡΠ°Π· Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Β«ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ-ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈΒ», ΡΡΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²-ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°
Ischemic heart disease: medical certificate of cause of death analysis
Aim. According to data from the Moscow Oblast civil registry office in 2020, to analyze medical certificates of cause of death (MCCD), where the code from βIschemic heart diseaseβ (IHD) (I20-I25) group is indicated as underlying cause of death (UCD).MaterialΒ andΒ methods. A total of 23193 deaths with I20-I25 codes (UCDs) were included. We assessed the prevalence of individual IHD types, the frequency and patterns of complications, the average age of deceased persons, the proportion of women and men, place of death registration.Results. The average age of the deceased was 73,6Β±12,5 (men, 68,8Β±10,5; women, 78,4Β±12,5; p<0,0001). The proportion of women who died under the age of 70 was <20%, men β >50%. Half of the deaths were registered at home, a third in a hospital, and the rest elsewhere. Taking into account age and sex, inhospital death from myocardial infarction (MI) is recorded 12 times more often than in βother forms of acute IHDβ. Chronic forms of IHD were registered in 76,9% of cases; in 47,3%, such IHD form as βAtherosclerotic heart diseaseβ was noted. The proportion of deaths from acute MI and deaths after MI was 37,3%. In 92,1% of MCCDs of βother forms of acute IHDβ, βacute coronary insufficiencyβ is indicated. Differences in the prevalence of various IHD forms between men and women were significant (p<0,0001). In female mortality pattern, there are 3 times less deaths from other (non-MI) acute forms of IHD and almost 2 times less deaths from old myocardial infarction and cardiac aneurysm. As the immediate cause of death, heart failure was indicated in 78,9%, while among those with prior MI β in 91%. In other acute forms of IHD, acute coronary insufficiency was indicated in 89%.Conclusion.Β A high proportion of deaths with unspecified acute and chronic forms of IHD as the cause of death, especially in young men, requires a comprehensive study and development by the Russian Society of Cardiology of criteria for death from various IHD forms
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΈΠ΄Π° β Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°
The purpose of this work with its results presented in the article was to develop and transfer to the class of Reed β Solomon codes (RS-codes) the basic provisions of the theory of syndrome norms (TNS), previously developed for the noise-resistant coding of the class of Bose β Chaudhuri β Hocquenghem codes (BCH-codes), which is actively used in theory and practice. To achieve this goal, a transition has been made in the interpretation of the theory of RS-codes from polynomial to matrix language. This approach allows you to fully use the capabilities of Galois field theory. The main difficulty of RS-codes is that they rely on a non-binary alphabet. The same factor is attractive for practical applications of RS-codes. The matrix language allows you to break the syndromes of errors into components that are elements of the Galois field β the field of definition of RS-codes. The TNS for BCH codes is based on the use of automorphisms of these codes β cyclic and cyclotomic substitutions. Automorphisms of RS-codes are studied in detail. The cyclic substitution belongs to the categories of automorphisms of RS-codes and generates a subgroup Π of order N (code length). The cyclotomic substitution does not belong to the class of automorphisms of RS-codes β the power of the alphabet greater than 2 prevents this. When expanding the concept of automorphism of a code beyond substitutions of coordinates of vectors to automorphisms of RS-codes, homotheties or affine substitutions can be attributed, since they also form a cyclic group A of order N. It is shown that cyclic and affine substitutions commute with each other, which, generally speaking, is not typical for linear operators and substitutions. The group Π of cyclic substitutions, the group A of affine substitutions, and the combined AΠ group of order N2 generate 3 types of error orbits in RS-codes. The structure of the orbits of errors with respect to the action of groups A, Π and the combined group AΠ is studied {231 words}.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΈΠ΄Π° β Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½Π° (Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²) Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² (Π’ΠΠ‘), ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΎΡΠ·Π° β Π§ΠΎΡΠ΄Ρ
ΡΡΠΈ β Π₯ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ° (ΠΠ§Π₯-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²). ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π»ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ° β ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π’ΠΠ‘ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ§Π₯-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² β ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π¦ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° N (Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°). Π¦ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² β ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π»ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ°, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ 2, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π° Π·Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° N. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ, Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° Π ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ, Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° Π Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° N2 ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ 3 Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π² Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π, Π ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΠ {231 ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ}
Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π² Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
This article is devoted to the research of the properties of syndromes of errors in Reed-Solomon codes. RS-codes are built on non-binary alphabets. So, unlike BCH-codes, RS-codes contain an extremely large variety of correctable errors. To correct these errors, a systematic application of automorphisms of codes is proposed. Characteristic automorphisms of RS-codes are cyclic and affine substitutions forming cyclic groups Π and A whose orders coincide with the code length. Cyclic and affine substitutions commute with each other and generate a joint ΠΠ group, what is the product of subgroups A and Π. These three groups act on the space of error vectors of RS-codes, breaking this space into three types of error orbits. As a rule, these orbits are complete and contain the maximum possible number of errors. Syndromes are the main indicator of the presence of errors in each message received by the information system, a means of accurately identifying these errors. The specificity of syndromes of double errors in RS-codes is investigated. Determined that syndrome spectrums of error orbits are also complete in most cases. Proved that the structure of the syndrome spectrums copies the structure of the orbits themselves, which in turn copy the structure of groups of code automorphisms. The results obtained are a significant contribution to the construction of the theory of syndrome norms for RS-codes.ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
Π ΠΈΠ΄Π°-Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°. Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π»ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, Π² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΎΡΠ·Π°-Π§ΠΎΡΠ΄Ρ
ΡΡΠΈ-Π₯ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°, Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π₯Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π ΠΈ Π ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΠ-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π ΠΈ Π. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²-ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΠ‘ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π² Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π’ΠΠ‘ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΈΠ΄Π°-Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°
Vitamin D defi ciency and comorbid conditions in children 7-16 years of age: intelligent data analysis
The results of the analysis of the cohort of children and adolescents 7-16 years old from the central and northwestern regions of Russia (n=250) are presented. Levels 25(OH)D>30 ng/ml were observed no more than in 6% of participants. The diagnosis E55 Β«Vitamin D deficiencyΒ» was comorbid with diagnoses of bronchial asthma (P=0.003856), nasal congestion (P=0.003016), wheezing (P=0.000133), seasonal allergic rhinitis (
Molecular Plasmonic Silver Forests for the Photocatalytic-Driven Sensing Platforms
Structural electronics, as well as flexible and wearable devices are applications that are possible by merging polymers with metal nanoparticles. However, using conventional technologies, it is challenging to fabricate plasmonic structures that remain flexible. We developed three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructures/polymer sensors via single-step laser processing and further functionalization with 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) as a molecular probe. These sensors allow ultrasensitive detection with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We tracked the 4-NBT plasmonic enhancement and changes in its vibrational spectrum under the chemical environment perturbations. As a model system, we investigated the sensorβs performance when exposed to prostate cancer cellsβ media over 7 days showing the possibility of identifying the cell death reflected in the environment through the effects on the 4-NBT probe. Thus, the fabricated sensor could have an impact on the monitoring of the cancer treatment process. Moreover, the laser-driven nanoparticles/polymer intermixing resulted in a free-form electrically conductive composite that withstands over 1000 bending cycles without losing electrical properties. Our results bridge the gap between plasmonic sensing with SERS and flexible electronics in a scalable, energy-efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly way.</p
Analysis of chromosome aberrations by FISH and Giemsa assays in lymphocytes of cancer patients undergoing whole-body irradiation: comparison of in vivo and in vitro irradiation
Abstract. Studies of the frequencies of chromosome exchange aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes provide useful Purpose : To study the cytogenetic eVects of fractionated radiobiodosimetric information (IAEA 1986, Darroudi therapy in peripheral blood lymphocytes of ve cancer patients. 2000). For individual dose estimation, a calibration In vitro experiments were performed in parallel using the same dose-response curve constructed for human lympho- patients undergoing protracted whole-body irradiGiemsa-stained preparations were used to score unstable ation at low doses before local radiotherapy at high aberrations following in vivo and in vitro exposure. dose. Results: A linear dose-response curve was determined for both dicentrics and translocations. The in vivo frequency of translocations was higher than for dicentrics. Dose-response curves Materials and methods generated for translocations following in vivo and in vitro irradiation yielded similar frequencies. In contrast, for dicentrics, in 2.1. Subjects vitro irradiation yielded a higher frequency when compared with data generated following in vivo exposure. The study was performed on ve patients aged Conclusions : For dose reconstruction purposes, translocations fre-23-70 years, one woman and four men, with quency seems to be a more adequate end-point than the scoring advanced cancers and distant metastases
ΠΠΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π£ΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠ Π Π€ΠΠ‘Π¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠ
Functioning of a number of transamination enzymes and alkaline phosphatase as well as some values of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism on background of protein in cattle blood at fasciolosis are studied. Total blood protein was determined by Loury method, alkaline phosphatase activity β by colorimetric method based on the hydrolysis of n-nitrophenol phosphate. The glutamate transferase activity was estimated by L.J. Olsen method, transaminase activity β by Reitman-Frankel method. Cholesterol levels were measured according to LiebermannβBurchard reaction, the pyruvate content was determined using the diphenylhydrazine method, and lactate β according to reaction withparaoxydiphenyl. The functional status of blood at fasciolosis is marked by the decrease in total protein and pyruvate with the increase of activity of glutamate transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate and cholesterol.ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅. Π ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° n-Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΠ»ΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π· β ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π Π΅ΠΉΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ Π€ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»Π° β ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π°βΠΡΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ° β ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌ. Π€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»Π°
Highly Sensitive Immunochromatographic Identification of Tetracycline Antibiotics in Milk
A rapid immunochromatographic assay was developed for the control of tetracycline (TC). The assay is based on the competition between immobilized TC-protein conjugate and TC in a tested sample for binding with polyclonal anti-TC antibodies conjugated to colloidal gold during the flow of the sample along a membrane strip with immobilized reactants. Conjugation of colloidal gold and the total immunoglobulin (IgG) fraction of polyclonal antibodies was used to increase the assay sensitivity to ensure low content of specific antibodies in the conjugate. This allowed effective inhibition of free TC and conjugate binding in the strip test zone. Photometric marker registration allows control of the reduction of binding, thereby enhancing detection sensitivity. The proposed assay allows TC to be detected at concentrations up to 20βng/mL, exceeding the limit of detection of the known analogues, in a wide working range (more than two orders) of 60βpg/mL to 10βng/mL, ensured through the use of polyclonal antibodies. The assay time is 10βmin. The efficiency of the designed assay is shown to identify TC in milk; the degree of recovery of TC ranges from 90 to 112%. The precision of the concentrations measurements was no more than 10%
Liquid Sensor Based on a Piezoelectric Resonator with a Lateral Electric Field Made of Piezo-Ceramics PZT
ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ»Π°: 30.09.2019. ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ: 10.10.2019.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° 29-ΠΉ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«Π‘ΠΠ§-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈΒ» β ΠΡΡΠΠΈΠΠΎβ2019 (Π‘Π΅Π²Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π Π€, 8β14 ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 2019 Π³.).Received: 30.09.2019. Accepted: 10.10.2019.ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π¦Π’Π‘-19. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π§Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
68,7, 97,8 ΠΈ 264 ΠΊΠΡ ΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ 12,2, 14,7 ΠΈ 6,5 % ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° c ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΠ° Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°.This paper demonstrates the results of the study of the sensor based on the resonator with the lateral electric field made of the ceramic PZT for measuring the conductivity of the contacting liquid. This sensor is made of the PZT ceramic plate of 3.54 mm thickness with shear dimension of 20Γ18 mm2.Two electrodes with the gap width of 4 mm are deposited on one side of the plate. The sensor features the 4 ml plexiglass container, the bottom of which is a resonator. The measured frequency dependences of the real and imaginary parts of the electrical impedance shows three resonances at frequencies of 68.7, 97.8, and 264 kHz. Aqueous solutions of sodium chloride are prepared with different conductivities in the range 3.2 β 9000 ΞΌS/cm. We have measured the frequency dependences of the real and imaginary parts of the sensor electric impedance with the liquid of different conductivity. The maximum value of the real part of the electric impedance monotonically decreases and reaches saturation for each resonance peak with increasing liquid conductivity. Theoretical analysis of influence of liquid conductivity on resonator impedance was also performed using equivalent circuit with two parallel branches. First branch included active and reactive resistors that corresponded to excitation of acoustic wave. The second branch includes the static capacitance of the resonator. We describe the presence of the conductive liquid by means of the leakage resistance connected with the capacitance in parallel. We underline that theoretical and experimental dependences are in a good agreement. Therefore the resonator with the lateral electric field based on the ceramic PZT shows high sensitivity to the changes in the conductivity of the liquid due to the high value of the coefficient of the electromechanical coupling. The sensor with liquid presence compared to the sensor made of lithium niobate with a longitudinal acoustic wave has a higher quality factor. We conclude that in the resonator made of piezoceramics, the shear component of the mechanical displacement is prevailing and does not lead to radiation losses.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π Π€Π€Π β 19-07-00300, β 19-07-00304.This research is supported by grant No. 19-07-00300, No. 19-07-00304 from the Russian Foundation for basic research
- β¦