146 research outputs found

    ΠšΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡ ошибок Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ… Рида–Боломона с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈΡ… Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²

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    The article explores the syndrome invariants of АГ-group of automorphisms of Reed–Solomon codes (RS-codes) that are a joint group of affine and cyclic permutations. The found real invariants are a set of norms of N Π“-orbits that make up one or another АГ-orbit. The norms of Π“-orbits are vectors with 2 1 CΞ΄βˆ’ coordinates from the Galois field, that are determined by all kinds of pairs of components of the error syndromes. In this form, the invariants of the АГ-orbits were cumbersome and difficult to use. Therefore, their replacement by conditional partial invariants is proposed. These quasi-invariants are called norm-projections. Norm-projection uniquely identifies its АГ-orbit and therefore serves as an adequate way for formulating the error correction method by RS-codes based on АГ-orbits. The power of the АГ-orbits is estimated by the value of N2, equal to the square of the length of the RS-code. The search for error vectors in transmitted messages by a new method is reduced to parsing the АГ‑orbits, but actually their norm-projections, with the subsequent search for these errors within a particular АГ-orbit. Therefore, the proposed method works almost N2 times faster than traditional syndrome methods, operating on the basic of the β€œsyndrome – error” principle, that boils down to parsing the entire set of error vectors until a specific vector is found.Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ синдромныС ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ АГ-Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Рида–Боломона (РБ‑кодах) – совмСстной Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π°Ρ„Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ цикличСских подстановок. НайдСнныС Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ собой ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ N Π“-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚, ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Ρƒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡŽ АГ-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ. Нормы Π“-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ извСстно, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ с 2 1 CΞ΄βˆ’ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· поля Π“Π°Π»ΡƒΠ° – поля задания Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ всСвозмоТными ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ синдромов ошибок. Π’ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ АГ-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚ оказались Π³Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ тяТСловСсными Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° компромиссная ΠΈΡ… Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° условныС, частичныС ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈ-ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ. Норма-проСкция ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ свою АГ-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ слуТит Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ инструмСнтом для Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ошибок Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° основС АГ-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚. ΠœΠΎΡ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ АГ-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚ оцСниваСтся Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ N2, Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°. Поиск Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²-ошибок Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… сообщСниях Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ сводится ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ АГ-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚, Π° Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ – ΠΈΡ… Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, с ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ- иском этих ошибок Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ АГ-ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π΅Ρ‚ практичСски Π² N2 Ρ€Π°Π· быстрСС Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… синдромных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡƒ «синдром-ошибки», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‡Π΅, сводится ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ всСго мноТСства ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²-ошибок Π΄ΠΎ нахоТдСния ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°

    Ischemic heart disease: medical certificate of cause of death analysis

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    Aim. According to data from the Moscow Oblast civil registry office in 2020, to analyze medical certificates of cause of death (MCCD), where the code from β€œIschemic heart disease” (IHD) (I20-I25) group is indicated as underlying cause of death (UCD).MaterialΒ andΒ methods. A total of 23193 deaths with I20-I25 codes (UCDs) were included. We assessed the prevalence of individual IHD types, the frequency and patterns of complications, the average age of deceased persons, the proportion of women and men, place of death registration.Results. The average age of the deceased was 73,6Β±12,5 (men, 68,8Β±10,5; women, 78,4Β±12,5; p<0,0001). The proportion of women who died under the age of 70 was <20%, men β€” >50%. Half of the deaths were registered at home, a third in a hospital, and the rest elsewhere. Taking into account age and sex, inhospital death from myocardial infarction (MI) is recorded 12 times more often than in β€œother forms of acute IHD”. Chronic forms of IHD were registered in 76,9% of cases; in 47,3%, such IHD form as β€œAtherosclerotic heart disease” was noted. The proportion of deaths from acute MI and deaths after MI was 37,3%. In 92,1% of MCCDs of β€œother forms of acute IHD”, β€œacute coronary insufficiency” is indicated. Differences in the prevalence of various IHD forms between men and women were significant (p<0,0001). In female mortality pattern, there are 3 times less deaths from other (non-MI) acute forms of IHD and almost 2 times less deaths from old myocardial infarction and cardiac aneurysm. As the immediate cause of death, heart failure was indicated in 78,9%, while among those with prior MI β€” in 91%. In other acute forms of IHD, acute coronary insufficiency was indicated in 89%.Conclusion.Β A high proportion of deaths with unspecified acute and chronic forms of IHD as the cause of death, especially in young men, requires a comprehensive study and development by the Russian Society of Cardiology of criteria for death from various IHD forms

    Автоморфизмы ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ ошибок ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΈΠ΄Π° – Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°

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    The purpose of this work with its results presented in the article was to develop and transfer to the class of Reed – Solomon codes (RS-codes) the basic provisions of the theory of syndrome norms (TNS), previously developed for the noise-resistant coding of the class of Bose – Chaudhuri – Hocquenghem codes (BCH-codes), which is actively used in theory and practice. To achieve this goal, a transition has been made in the interpretation of the theory of RS-codes from polynomial to matrix language. This approach allows you to fully use the capabilities of Galois field theory. The main difficulty of RS-codes is that they rely on a non-binary alphabet. The same factor is attractive for practical applications of RS-codes. The matrix language allows you to break the syndromes of errors into components that are elements of the Galois field – the field of definition of RS-codes. The TNS for BCH codes is based on the use of automorphisms of these codes – cyclic and cyclotomic substitutions. Automorphisms of RS-codes are studied in detail. The cyclic substitution belongs to the categories of automorphisms of RS-codes and generates a subgroup Π“ of order N (code length). The cyclotomic substitution does not belong to the class of automorphisms of RS-codes – the power of the alphabet greater than 2 prevents this. When expanding the concept of automorphism of a code beyond substitutions of coordinates of vectors to automorphisms of RS-codes, homotheties or affine substitutions can be attributed, since they also form a cyclic group A of order N. It is shown that cyclic and affine substitutions commute with each other, which, generally speaking, is not typical for linear operators and substitutions. The group Π“ of cyclic substitutions, the group A of affine substitutions, and the combined AΠ“ group of order N2 generate 3 types of error orbits in RS-codes. The structure of the orbits of errors with respect to the action of groups A, Π“ and the combined group AΠ“ is studied {231 words}.ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹, Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ прСдставлСны Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ пСрСносС Π½Π° класс ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΈΠ΄Π° – Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½Π° (Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²) Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ синдромов (ВНБ), Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ для Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ примСняСмого Π² Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ помСхоустойчивого кодирования класса ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π‘ΠΎΡƒΠ·Π° – Π§ΠΎΡƒΠ΄Ρ…ΡƒΡ€ΠΈ – Π₯ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ° (Π‘Π§Π₯-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²). Для достиТСния поставлСнной Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ осущСствлСн ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² с полиномиального языка Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ позволяСт Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ возмоТности Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π“Π°Π»ΡƒΠ°. Главная ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π»Ρ„Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΆΠ΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ являСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ для практичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ язык позволяСт Ρ€Π°Π·Π±ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ синдромы ошибок Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ элСмСнтами поля Π“Π°Π»ΡƒΠ° – поля опрСдСлСния Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ВНБ для Π‘Π§Π₯-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² опираСтся Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² этих ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² – цикличСских ΠΈ циклотомичСских подстановок. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ЦикличСская подстановка относится ΠΊ разрядам Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ Π“ порядка N (Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°). ЦиклотомичСская подстановка Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ классу Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² – ΠΌΠΎΡ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π°Π»Ρ„Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π°, большая 2, прСпятствуСт этому. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ понятия Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π° Π·Π° Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ пСрСстановок ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ отнСсти ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Ρ„Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ подстановки, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ А порядка N. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ цикличСская ΠΈ аффинная подстановки ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ, Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ говоря, Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ для Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ подстановок. Π“Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° Π“ цикличСских подстановок, Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° А Π°Ρ„Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… подстановок ΠΈ объСдинСнная АГ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° порядка N2 ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ 3 Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚ ошибок Π² Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ…. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ строСниС ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚ ошибок ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ дСйствия Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ А, Π“ ΠΈ объСдинСнной Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ АГ {231 слово}

    Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ спСктры ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚ ошибок Π² Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ…

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    This article is devoted to the research of the properties of syndromes of errors in Reed-Solomon codes. RS-codes are built on non-binary alphabets. So, unlike BCH-codes, RS-codes contain an extremely large variety of correctable errors. To correct these errors, a systematic application of automorphisms of codes is proposed. Characteristic automorphisms of RS-codes are cyclic and affine substitutions forming cyclic groups Π“ and A whose orders coincide with the code length. Cyclic and affine substitutions commute with each other and generate a joint АГ group, what is the product of subgroups A and Π“. These three groups act on the space of error vectors of RS-codes, breaking this space into three types of error orbits. As a rule, these orbits are complete and contain the maximum possible number of errors. Syndromes are the main indicator of the presence of errors in each message received by the information system, a means of accurately identifying these errors. The specificity of syndromes of double errors in RS-codes is investigated. Determined that syndrome spectrums of error orbits are also complete in most cases. Proved that the structure of the syndrome spectrums copies the structure of the orbits themselves, which in turn copy the structure of groups of code automorphisms. The results obtained are a significant contribution to the construction of the theory of syndrome norms for RS-codes.Данная ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ посвящСна исслСдованию свойств синдромов ошибок Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ… Π ΠΈΠ΄Π°-Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°. Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ построСны Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π»Ρ„Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ…. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π‘ΠΎΡƒΠ·Π°-Π§ΠΎΡƒΠ΄Ρ…ΡƒΡ€ΠΈ-Π₯ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°, Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ содСрТат ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ большоС ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ошибок. Для ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ этих ошибок прСдлагаСтся систСматичСскоС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π₯Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ цикличСскиС ΠΈ Π°Ρ„Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ подстановки, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ цикличСскиС Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π“ ΠΈ А соотвСтствСнно, порядки ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ с Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ цикличСская ΠΈ аффинная подстановки ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ АГ-Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ прямоС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ А ΠΈ Π“. Π”Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° пространствС Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²-ошибок Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², разбивая это пространство Π½Π° Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚ ошибок. Как ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, эти ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ содСрТат максимально Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ количСство ошибок. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ основным ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ наличия ошибок Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ принятом ИКБ сообщСнии, срСдством Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ этих ошибок. ИсслСдована спСцифика синдромов Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ошибок Π² Π Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ…. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ спСктры синдромов ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚ ошибок Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅ случаСв. Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ структура спСктров синдромов ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ структуру самих ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π² свою ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ структуру Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ сущСствСнным Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² построСниС ВНБ для ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΈΠ΄Π°-Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°

    Vitamin D defi ciency and comorbid conditions in children 7-16 years of age: intelligent data analysis

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    The results of the analysis of the cohort of children and adolescents 7-16 years old from the central and northwestern regions of Russia (n=250) are presented. Levels 25(OH)D>30 ng/ml were observed no more than in 6% of participants. The diagnosis E55 Β«Vitamin D deficiencyΒ» was comorbid with diagnoses of bronchial asthma (P=0.003856), nasal congestion (P=0.003016), wheezing (P=0.000133), seasonal allergic rhinitis (

    Molecular Plasmonic Silver Forests for the Photocatalytic-Driven Sensing Platforms

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    Structural electronics, as well as flexible and wearable devices are applications that are possible by merging polymers with metal nanoparticles. However, using conventional technologies, it is challenging to fabricate plasmonic structures that remain flexible. We developed three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructures/polymer sensors via single-step laser processing and further functionalization with 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) as a molecular probe. These sensors allow ultrasensitive detection with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We tracked the 4-NBT plasmonic enhancement and changes in its vibrational spectrum under the chemical environment perturbations. As a model system, we investigated the sensor’s performance when exposed to prostate cancer cells’ media over 7 days showing the possibility of identifying the cell death reflected in the environment through the effects on the 4-NBT probe. Thus, the fabricated sensor could have an impact on the monitoring of the cancer treatment process. Moreover, the laser-driven nanoparticles/polymer intermixing resulted in a free-form electrically conductive composite that withstands over 1000 bending cycles without losing electrical properties. Our results bridge the gap between plasmonic sensing with SERS and flexible electronics in a scalable, energy-efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly way.</p

    Analysis of chromosome aberrations by FISH and Giemsa assays in lymphocytes of cancer patients undergoing whole-body irradiation: comparison of in vivo and in vitro irradiation

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    Abstract. Studies of the frequencies of chromosome exchange aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes provide useful Purpose : To study the cytogenetic eVects of fractionated radiobiodosimetric information (IAEA 1986, Darroudi therapy in peripheral blood lymphocytes of ve cancer patients. 2000). For individual dose estimation, a calibration In vitro experiments were performed in parallel using the same dose-response curve constructed for human lympho- patients undergoing protracted whole-body irradiGiemsa-stained preparations were used to score unstable ation at low doses before local radiotherapy at high aberrations following in vivo and in vitro exposure. dose. Results: A linear dose-response curve was determined for both dicentrics and translocations. The in vivo frequency of translocations was higher than for dicentrics. Dose-response curves Materials and methods generated for translocations following in vivo and in vitro irradiation yielded similar frequencies. In contrast, for dicentrics, in 2.1. Subjects vitro irradiation yielded a higher frequency when compared with data generated following in vivo exposure. The study was performed on ve patients aged Conclusions : For dose reconstruction purposes, translocations fre-23-70 years, one woman and four men, with quency seems to be a more adequate end-point than the scoring advanced cancers and distant metastases

    Π‘Π˜ΠžΠ₯Π˜ΠœΠ˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠ˜Π• Π˜Π—ΠœΠ•ΠΠ•ΠΠ˜Π― Π’ ΠžΠ Π“ΠΠΠ˜Π—ΠœΠ• ΠšΠ Π£ΠŸΠΠžΠ“Πž Π ΠžΠ“ΠΠ’ΠžΠ“Πž БКОВА ПРИ Π€ΠΠ‘Π¦Π˜ΠžΠ›ΠΠ—Π•

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    Functioning of a number of transamination enzymes and alkaline phosphatase as well as some values of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism on background of protein in cattle blood at fasciolosis are studied. Total blood protein was determined by Loury method, alkaline phosphatase activity – by colorimetric method based on the hydrolysis of n-nitrophenol phosphate. The glutamate transferase activity was estimated by L.J. Olsen method, transaminase activity – by Reitman-Frankel method. Cholesterol levels were measured according to Liebermann–Burchard reaction, the pyruvate content was determined using the diphenylhydrazine method, and lactate – according to reaction withparaoxydiphenyl. The functional status of blood at fasciolosis is marked by the decrease in total protein and pyruvate with the increase of activity of glutamate transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate and cholesterol.Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ряда Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² трансаминирования, Ρ‰Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ фосфатазы, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ содСрТания Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ скота ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ фасциолСзС. Π’ сывороткС ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ опрСдСляли количСство ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π›ΠΎΡƒΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‰Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ фосфатазы колоримСтричСским ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° основС Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° n-нитрофСнолфосфата. ΠΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ глутаматтрансаминазы опрСдСляли ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Олсона, трансаминаз – ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΌΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ ЀрСнкСля, содСрТаниС холСстСрола – ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ЛибСрмана–Бурхарда, ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π° Π΄ΠΈΡ„Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π° – ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ с параоксидифСнилом. Π€ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ состояниС ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ фасциолСзС характСризуСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ уровня ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π° с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ активности глутаматтрансаминазы, Ρ‰Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ фосфатазы, Π»Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ холСстСрола

    Highly Sensitive Immunochromatographic Identification of Tetracycline Antibiotics in Milk

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    A rapid immunochromatographic assay was developed for the control of tetracycline (TC). The assay is based on the competition between immobilized TC-protein conjugate and TC in a tested sample for binding with polyclonal anti-TC antibodies conjugated to colloidal gold during the flow of the sample along a membrane strip with immobilized reactants. Conjugation of colloidal gold and the total immunoglobulin (IgG) fraction of polyclonal antibodies was used to increase the assay sensitivity to ensure low content of specific antibodies in the conjugate. This allowed effective inhibition of free TC and conjugate binding in the strip test zone. Photometric marker registration allows control of the reduction of binding, thereby enhancing detection sensitivity. The proposed assay allows TC to be detected at concentrations up to 20 ng/mL, exceeding the limit of detection of the known analogues, in a wide working range (more than two orders) of 60 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL, ensured through the use of polyclonal antibodies. The assay time is 10 min. The efficiency of the designed assay is shown to identify TC in milk; the degree of recovery of TC ranges from 90 to 112%. The precision of the concentrations measurements was no more than 10%

    Liquid Sensor Based on a Piezoelectric Resonator with a Lateral Electric Field Made of Piezo-Ceramics PZT

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    ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠΈΠ»Π°: 30.09.2019. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π° Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ: 10.10.2019.Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ являСтся Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ вСрсиСй Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°, прСдставлСнного Π½Π° 29-ΠΉ ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠšΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Β«Π‘Π’Π§-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈΒ» β€” ΠšΡ€Ρ‹ΠœΠΈΠšΠΎβ€™2019 (Π‘Π΅Π²Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒ, Π Π€, 8–14 сСнтября 2019 Π³.).Received: 30.09.2019. Accepted: 10.10.2019.Π­ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ тСорСтичСски исслСдовано влияниС проводимости Тидкости, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ с ΠΏΡŒΠ΅Π·ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ с ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ элСктричСским ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π° основС пластины ΠΏΡŒΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π¦Π’Π‘-19. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π΅ попСрСчная ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π° мСханичСского смСщСния, Π½Π΅ приводящая ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ потСрям ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅ с ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, являСтся ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ. ЧастотныС зависимости Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ частСй элСктричСского импСданса Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… рСзонансов Π½Π° частотах 68,7, 97,8 ΠΈ 264 ΠΊΠ“Ρ† со значСниями коэффициСнта элСктромСханичСской связи 12,2, 14,7 ΠΈ 6,5 % соотвСтствСнно. Π”ΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ рСзонанса ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅ с ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ оказалась сущСствСнно Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ добротности Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° c ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ акустичСской Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° основС Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ‚Π° лития. Π‘Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ зависимости максимального значСния Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ части элСктричСского импСданса Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΎΡ‚ проводимости Тидкости. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ тСорСтичСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· влияния проводимости Тидкости Π½Π° характСристики Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°.This paper demonstrates the results of the study of the sensor based on the resonator with the lateral electric field made of the ceramic PZT for measuring the conductivity of the contacting liquid. This sensor is made of the PZT ceramic plate of 3.54 mm thickness with shear dimension of 20Γ—18 mm2.Two electrodes with the gap width of 4 mm are deposited on one side of the plate. The sensor features the 4 ml plexiglass container, the bottom of which is a resonator. The measured frequency dependences of the real and imaginary parts of the electrical impedance shows three resonances at frequencies of 68.7, 97.8, and 264 kHz. Aqueous solutions of sodium chloride are prepared with different conductivities in the range 3.2 – 9000 ΞΌS/cm. We have measured the frequency dependences of the real and imaginary parts of the sensor electric impedance with the liquid of different conductivity. The maximum value of the real part of the electric impedance monotonically decreases and reaches saturation for each resonance peak with increasing liquid conductivity. Theoretical analysis of influence of liquid conductivity on resonator impedance was also performed using equivalent circuit with two parallel branches. First branch included active and reactive resistors that corresponded to excitation of acoustic wave. The second branch includes the static capacitance of the resonator. We describe the presence of the conductive liquid by means of the leakage resistance connected with the capacitance in parallel. We underline that theoretical and experimental dependences are in a good agreement. Therefore the resonator with the lateral electric field based on the ceramic PZT shows high sensitivity to the changes in the conductivity of the liquid due to the high value of the coefficient of the electromechanical coupling. The sensor with liquid presence compared to the sensor made of lithium niobate with a longitudinal acoustic wave has a higher quality factor. We conclude that in the resonator made of piezoceramics, the shear component of the mechanical displacement is prevailing and does not lead to radiation losses.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ частичной финансовой ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² РЀЀИ β„– 19-07-00300, β„– 19-07-00304.This research is supported by grant No. 19-07-00300, No. 19-07-00304 from the Russian Foundation for basic research
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