Nilai vertebrae heart size anjing kintamani bali pada usia berbeda

Anatomical physiological clinical studies such as cardiac image, is one of the important studies that must to strengthen the position of kintamani bali dog as a dog recognized by the FCI. Cardiac image that can be seen is the size of the cardiac based on the value of vertebral heart size (VHS). The results obtained are used as the standard size and assessment of cardiac of kintamani bali dogs. This study aims to determine the VHS value of kintamani bali dog based on age group 12 and 24 months. The sample used 40 kintamani bali dogs, such as 20 dogs of 12 months and 20 dogs of 24 months. Images were taken by X-ray to determine the value of VHS kintamani bali dogs. The method used a lateral thoracic radiograph. Measured by using calipers at the longest axis from cardiac silhouette from carina to the apex, and the short axis were measured from the widest part of the cardiac silhouette. Then transfer that measured to the vertebrae, starting at the cranial edge of T4, count the number of vertebrae that fall within the caliper points, and sum of the two measurements. The result showed that the values of VHS at 12 months kintamani dogs were 9.4v±1.6 and the 24 month were 9.4v±0.

Frekuensi Respirasi Sapi Bali Betina Dewasa Di Sentra Pembibitan Sapi Bali Desa Sobangan, Kecamatan Mengwi, Kabupaten Badung (RESPIRATION FREQUENCYON A BALI CATTLE ADULT FEMALE AT BALI CATTLE BREEDING CENTERS SOBANGAN VILLAGE, MENGWI, BADUNG)

Bali cattle females to be one of the priorities in repairing genetic local cattle because of its superiority in the field of production and reproduction compared to other cattles. This research aims to determine the respiration profile on a bali cattle adult female at Bali cattle breeding centers Sobangan village, Mengwi sub district, Badung regency, which has an average altitude of 350 meters above sea level and rainfall reached around 2029.0 mm. This research used 20 bali cattle adult female age 1.5 years to 4 years. Data collected by examination and observation were performed in the morning, afternoon and evening. The observed parameters are the frequency of respiration. The results obtained by the average frequency of respiration morning of 16.05±0.82 at 25°C ambient temperature, daylight 20.95±0.88 at 32°C ambient temperature, and the afternoon of19.80±1.57 at 29°C ambient temperature. These results indicate that the frequency of respiration in Bali cattle females can be changed according to environmental conditions and other contributing factors

Molecular prevalence and associated risk factors of Cryptosporidium spp. infection in dairy cattle in Khon Kaen, Thailand

Background and Aim: Cryptosporidium spp. are important parasites in the small intestines of humans and animals, particularly cattle. The aim of this study was to estimate the molecular prevalence and associated risk factors of Cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle in five districts of Khon Kaen province, Thailand, and to identify Cryptosporidium spp. Materials and Methods: From July 2020 to October 2021, 296 fecal samples were collected from three groups of dairy cattle: Calves aged 1 year. Cryptosporidium spp. were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifying the 18s RNA gene. Both genus-specific and species-specific primers were used to identify Cryptosporidium confirmed by DNA sequencing. Age, house floor type, and water trough type were evaluated as risk factors. We analyzed all associated risk factor information using the logistic regression test in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: PCR results showed that 40 (13.51%) out of 296 samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp., including Cryptosporidium bovis (57.50%) and Cryptosporidium ryanae (2.50%). There was a significant association between Cryptosporidium incidence, cattle age, and house floor type (p = 0.05). National Center for Biotechnology Information Basic Local Alignment Search Tool displayed 99.48%–100% nucleotide similarity of each Cryptosporidium spp. isolate with references recorded on GenBank. Conclusion: C. bovis and C. ryanae are commonly found in dairy cattle, especially calves, in Khon Kaen, Thailand, and the incidence was associated with age and house floor type. A molecular technique may be influential for species identification. The results of the present study would provide useful information for veterinarians and animal owners to understand better Cryptosporidium spp. and how to manage farms properly

First report on the molecular detection and genetic diversity of Anaplasma marginale in healthy dairy cattle in Khon Kaen province, Thailand

Background and Aim: Bovine anaplasmosis (BA) is one of the most important diseases of ruminants worldwide, causing significant economic losses in the livestock industry due to the high morbidity and mortality in susceptible cattle herds. Anaplasma marginale is the main causative agent of BA occurring worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to investigate the first molecular detection and genetic diversity of A. marginale in dairy cattle in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 385 lactating cows from 40 dairy farms in five districts of Khon Kaen, regardless of age and health status. To detect A. marginale, all DNA preparations were used for molecular diagnosis using a single polymerase chain reaction with the msp4 gene target. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from the msp4 gene sequences using molecular genetic characterization. Genetic diversity was calculated as haplotype diversity, haplotype number, number of nucleotide differences, nucleotide diversity, and average number of nucleotide differences. Results: The overall prevalence of A. marginale was 12.72% (49/385). The highest prevalence (17.19%) was found in Ubolratana district, followed by Muang, Kranuan, Khao Suan Kwang, and Nam Phong districts (14.94%, 14.74%, 13.79%, and 3.70%, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis showed that A. marginale was closely related to isolates from Australia (98.96%), China (99.68%), Spain (99.74%), and the USA (99.63%). Conclusion: The molecular prevalence of BA in dairy cattle is the first to be observed in this area, and the genetic variability with separated clusters shown in the msp4 gene of A. marginale revealed species variation in dairy cattle. This significant genetic diversity contributes to the understanding of the diversity of A. marginale and will be important for the control and prevention of A. marginale in dairy cattle

Identifikasi Spesies Fungi Microsporum gypseum dan M. nanum Penyebab Ringworm pada Sapi Bali (IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES FUNGI MICROSPORUM GYPSEUM

Ringworm is an zoonotic infectious skin disease that can infect many types of animals. This disease is caused by dermatophytes fungi. Ringworm cases in cattle were quite widely reported in various countries but a report about the dermatophytes fungi that caused ringworm in bali cattle have never been published. It is very important in the efforts to give more effective therapies. This study aimed to identify the species of dermatophytes fungi that caused ringworm in bali cattle. Eight bali cattles suspected ringworm samples were taken using superficial skin scraping and trichogram (hair pluck) technique.  The samples of skin scrapings dan hair on the area of the lesion were taken for direct microscopic examination to find the presence of fungal elements (hyphae or arthrospora). They were dropped with 10% KOH, were allowed for 10-15 minutes, then were observed using microscope. Skin scrapings dan hair samples that showed positive results were cultured on Sabauroud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) medium for 1-3 weeks dan were identified using Lactophenol Cotton Blue with microscope. The data were analyzed descriptively. Dermatophytes fungi that isolated dan identified were Microsporum gypseum (75% or 6/8) and Microsporum nanum (25% or 2/8). Both of these fungi have ectothrix invasion/infection tipe, which is the forming of arthrospores/arthroconidia is only on the surface/superficial hair shaft therefore the topical therapy is sufficient to resolve the infection

Gambaran Sel Darah Putih Sapi Bali yang Terinfeksi Jamur Dermatofita Secara Alami (PROFILE OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS IN BALI CATTLE NATURALLY INFECTED BY DERMATOPHYTOSIS)

Dermatofitosis atau ringworm merupakan penyakit kulit yang disebabkan oleh jamur dermatofita. Setiap agen asing yang masuk ke dalam tubuh akan direspon oleh sel-sel darah putih sebagai sel pertahanan tubuh. Informasi mengenai gambaran sel darah putih kasus dermatofitosis pada sapi bali belum banyak tersedia di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran sel darah putih sapi bali yang normal dibandingkan dengan sapi bali yang positif terinfeksi jamur dermatofita. Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 sampel darah, yaitu enam sampel darah sapi bali yang normal dan enam sampel darah sapi bali yang positif terinfeksi dermatofitosis. Pengujian pertama dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan kerokan kulit dan rambut menggunakan larutan KOH 10%. Isolasi dan identifikasi jamur dermatofita menggunakan media Sabourand’s Dextrose Agar (SDA). Penghitungan dan pemeriksaan total leukosit dilakukan menggunakan Hemositometer sedangkan untuk pemeriksaan dan penghitungan differensial leukosit menggunakan pewarnaan Giemsa. Uji T-Test menunjukkan perbedaan nyata pada rata-rata total leukosit sapi bali yang positif terinfeksi dermatofitosis dibandingkan dengan sapi bali yang normal. Uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan berbeda nyata pada monosit sapi bali yang positif terinfeksi dermatofitosis dibandingkan dengan sapi bali normal. Sapi bali yang terinfeksi jamur dermatofita mempunyai total leukosit dan monosit yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sapi bali normal.   Dermatophytosis is kind of disease which caused by dermatophyta fungus. White blood cell (leukocyte) will responds every strange things which entering the body as a defend cell. In Indonesia, only few information of the white blood cell (leukocyte) in the Dermatophytosis cases towards balinese cattle can be found. The purpose of the research in finding the comparasion between lukocyte of normal balinese cattle which is not infected and balinese cattle which infected by dematophyta fungus. The research are using 12 samples of blood, is abaout 6 blood’s sampel from normal balinese cattle and 6 blood’s sample of balinese cattle which is infected by dermatophyta fungus.  The first attempt is checking the skin scratching and the hair with 10% of KOH liquid. Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) is used for isolate and identified dermatophyta fungus. Calculation and checking the total of leukocyte are using hemasitometer, while Giemsa liquid are using for differential leukocyte. T-Test shows the real differences between them which in to balinese cattle which infected by dermatophytosis. The analyzes result bye the statistic data using Mann-Whitney Test is showing there is real difference to balinese cattle’s monocyte which infected by dermatofitosis. There is a normal difference between balinese cattle which is normal and infected. Balinese cattle which infected dermatophyta fungus have a total of leukocyte and monocyte are higher than normal balinese cattle

Identifikasi dan Prevalensi Kejadian Ringworm pada Sapi Bali (IDENTIFICATION AND PREVALENCE OF RINGWORM CASE ON BALI CATTLE)

Ringworm is an infectious skin disease caused by dermatophytes and can infected various of animals,including cattle. This disease is not only able to cause high economic losses in the farm but also zoonotic.The aims of this study were to conduct a preliminary study of ringworm in Bali cattle of especieally toidentify the causes and clinical lesion and also its prevalence. Samples which suspected ringworm werecollected from Badung and Buleleng Regency, Bali Province. Skin lesion of suspected infected by ringwormwere observed, recorded, and documented. Skin scrapings and hair was taken for direct microscopicexamination for the presence of fungal element (hyphae or arthrospora). Skin scrapings and hair sampleswere dropped with KOH 10% and China ink (Parker®) then were left at room temperature for 10-15minutes. Samples were observed by microscope with a magnification of 100X and 400X gradually. Thedata were analyzed descriptively. In skin scraping and hair samples were found fungal elements, butcannot identify the species. Clinical lesions are seen in Bali cattle infected with ringworm include white,gray, or black (hyperpigmentation) circular alopecia accompanied by hyperkeratosis, scale, and crusting.Ringworm prevalence on Bali cattle in Bali is about 1.48%.. The prevalence rates associated with weatherfactors and maintenance system

Fungi-fungi Penginfeksi pada Kulit Ular Peliharaan di Bali

Ular termasuk hewan eksotik yang sering dijadikan hewan peliharaan. Permasalahan yang sering dijumpai dalam pemeliharaan ular adalah masalah kesehatan seperti infeksi fungi pada kulit ular. Infeksi fungi pada kulit ular dapat menyebabkan berbagai kerugian bahkan kematian pada ular. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis fungi yang dapat ditemukan pada kulit ular peliharaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengoleksi sampel usapan kulit pada ular peliharaan. Sampel usapan kulit diambil dari 10 ekor ular peliharaan oleh pecinta reptil di Denpasar dan selanjutnya sampel usapan kulit dibiakkan pada media Sarbouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) pada suhu 20-30ºC. Fungi yang telah tumbuh kemudian diidntifikasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Didapatkan hasil fungi dari genus Aspergillus, Candida, Curvularia, Mucor, dan Penicillium dari kesepuluh sampel. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukannya lima genus fungi pada kulit ular peliharaan di Bali

Fungi­-fungi Penginfeksi Kulit Ular Liar di Bali

Fungi merupakan salah satu agen penyakit infeksius yang memiliki beragam jenis. Beberapa jenis di antaranya dapat ditemukan pada kulit ular liar. Fungi yang ditemukan pada kulit ular liar tersebut mampu menginfeksi kulit, bahkan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Bali dalam hal ini belum memiliki data yang memadai mengenai jenis fungi yang dapat ditemukan pada kulit ular liar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi fungi yang dapat ditemukan pada kulit ular liar. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengkoleksi sampel berupa swab dari kulit ular liar yang dibiakkan pada media Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) dengan suhu 20ºC-30ºC. Koloni yang tumbuh pada SDA diidentifikasi secara makroskopis dengan mengamati karakteristik koloni secara kasat mata dan dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi secara mikroskopis dengan bantuan mikroskop dan pewarnaan menggunakan Methylene Blue. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh ialah Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp, Curvularia lunata, Candida sp., Mucor sp., dan Acremonium sp. Simpulan dari  penelitian ini adalah terdapat tujuh jenis fungi yang ditemukan pada kulit ular liar di Bali. Beberapa di antara fungi tersebut dapat menjadi ancaman bagi kesehatan hewan maupun manusia

Kadar Kolesterol Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca Fascicularis) Obesitas di Pura Uluwatu Bali

Penelitian deskriptif-observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar kolesterol total monyet ekor panjang obesitas yang hidup liar di Pura Luhur Uluwatu, Bali. Sebanyak enam belas monyet ekor panjang berhasil ditangkap bius menggunakan ketamin dosis 10 mg/kg berat badan dicampur dengan premedikasi xylazin dosis 1-2 mg/kg berat badan, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan, pengukuran morfometri dan pengambilan sampel darah. Penentuan kadar kolesterol menggunakan mesin automatic chemistry analyzer by Indiko- Thermo Scientific. Dari 16 ekor monyet, 12 ekor tergolong obesitas berdasarkan Indeks Masa Tubuh dan Berat Badan (IMT ?32,81±1,1 kg/m2 menurut Putra et al. (2006); BB ?8 kg. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rataan kadar kolesterol total monyet obesitas adalah 107,75 ml/dL. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar kolesterol monyet ekor panjang obesitas di Pura Uluwatu, Bali masih normal