43 research outputs found

    Functional ENTPD1 Polymorphisms in African Americans With Diabetes and End-Stage Renal Disease

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    Objective: The vascular ectonucleotidase ENTPD1 protects against renal injury and modulates glucose homeostasis in mouse models. We sought to determine whether human variation in ENTPD1 influences predisposition to diabetes or diabetic nephropathy. Research Design and Methods: We analyzed ENTPD1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 363 African American control subjects, 380 subjects with type 2 diabetes and end-stage renal disease (DM-ESRD), and 326 subjects with ESRD unrelated to diabetes (non–DM-ESRD). Using human cell lines, we correlated disease-associated ENTPD1 haplotypes with ENTPD1 gene expression. Finally, we studied consequences of ENTPD1 deletion in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (db/db). Results: A common ENTPD1 two-SNP haplotype was associated with increased risk for DM-ESRD (P = 0.0027), and an uncommon four-SNP haplotype was associated with protection against DM-ESRD (P = 0.004). These haplotypes correlated with ENTPD1 gene expression levels in human cell lines in vitro. Subjects with high ENTPD1-expressing haplotypes were enriched in the DM-ESRD group. By crossing ENTPD1-null mice with db mice, we show that ENTPD1 deletion has prominent effects on metabolic syndrome traits. Specifically, deletion of ENTPD1 lowered glucose levels in control (db/−) mice with one functional leptin receptor and dramatically lowered weights in db/db mice with no functional leptin receptors. Similar effects were seen in aged ENTPD1-null mice with normal leptin receptors. Conclusions: ENTPD1 polymorphisms appear to influence susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and/or diabetic nephropathy in African Americans. Studies in human cell lines and in vivo mouse data support a potential role for ENTPD1 genetic variation in susceptibility to type 2 diabetes

    Związek między polimorfizmem insercyjno-delecyjnym genu enzymu konwertazy angiotensyny I i obecnoƛcią zmian miaĆŒdĆŒycowych w tętnicach wieƄcowych u pacjentĂłw ze zwÄ™ĆŒeniem zastawki aortalnej

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    Wstęp: Celem pracy byƂa ocena zaleĆŒnoƛci między polimorfizmem insercyjno-delecyjnym genu konwertazy angiotensyny (ACE) a częstoƛcią występowania istotnych zmian miaĆŒdĆŒycowych w tętnicach wieƄcowych u pacjentĂłw z istotnym zwÄ™ĆŒeniem zastawki aortalnej. MateriaƂ i metody: Badano 392 pacjentĂłw (159 kobiet i 233 mÄ™ĆŒczyzn) w ƛrednim wieku 61 &plusmn; 10 lat z izolowanym zwÄ™ĆŒeniem zastawki aortalnej. U wszystkich pacjentĂłw przed operacją wymiany zastawki aortalnej wykonano koronarografię oraz oznaczono warianty polimorfizmu genu ACE. Za istotne przyjęto zwÄ™ĆŒenie tętnicy wieƄcowej > 70% (lub > 50-procentową zmianę w pniu lewej tętnicy wieƄcowej). Wyniki: Istotne zmiany miaĆŒdĆŒycowe w tętnicach wieƄcowych stwierdzono u 95 badanych - u 30 kobiet (19%) i 65 mÄ™ĆŒczyzn (28%). Istotne zwÄ™ĆŒenia odnotowano u 14% kobiet z genotypem II, u 20% z genotypem DI i u 21% pacjentek z genotypem DD. U mÄ™ĆŒczyzn istotne zwÄ™ĆŒenia obserwowano u 38% pacjentĂłw z genotypem II, u 25% z genotypem DI i u 22% badanych z genotypem DD. Znamiennie częstsze istotne zwÄ™ĆŒenia stwierdzono wƛrĂłd mÄ™ĆŒczyzn z genotypem II (p < 0,05). W grupie kobiet rĂłĆŒnice nie byƂy istotne statystycznie. Wnioski: U pacjentĂłw ze zwÄ™ĆŒeniem zastawki aortalnej zaleĆŒnoƛć między polimorfizmem I/D genu ACE a występowaniem istotnych zmian miaĆŒdĆŒycowych tętnic wieƄcowych jest rĂłĆŒna u kobiet i mÄ™ĆŒczyzn. U kobiet zaobserwowano tendencję do częstszego występowania istotnych zmian miaĆŒdĆŒycowych w tętnicach wieƄcowych u pacjentek z allelem D, natomiast u mÄ™ĆŒczyzn zmiany takie zanotowano istotnie częƛciej u homozygot II. (Folia Cardiol. 2003; 10: 161&#8211;168

    Związek między polimorfizmem insercyjno-delecyjnym genu enzymu konwertazy angiotensyny I i obecnoƛcią zmian miaĆŒdĆŒycowych w tętnicach wieƄcowych u pacjentĂłw ze zwÄ™ĆŒeniem zastawki aortalnej

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    Wstęp: Celem pracy byƂa ocena zaleĆŒnoƛci między polimorfizmem insercyjno-delecyjnym genu konwertazy angiotensyny (ACE) a częstoƛcią występowania istotnych zmian miaĆŒdĆŒycowych w tętnicach wieƄcowych u pacjentĂłw z istotnym zwÄ™ĆŒeniem zastawki aortalnej. MateriaƂ i metody: Badano 392 pacjentĂłw (159 kobiet i 233 mÄ™ĆŒczyzn) w ƛrednim wieku 61 &plusmn; 10 lat z izolowanym zwÄ™ĆŒeniem zastawki aortalnej. U wszystkich pacjentĂłw przed operacją wymiany zastawki aortalnej wykonano koronarografię oraz oznaczono warianty polimorfizmu genu ACE. Za istotne przyjęto zwÄ™ĆŒenie tętnicy wieƄcowej > 70% (lub > 50-procentową zmianę w pniu lewej tętnicy wieƄcowej). Wyniki: Istotne zmiany miaĆŒdĆŒycowe w tętnicach wieƄcowych stwierdzono u 95 badanych - u 30 kobiet (19%) i 65 mÄ™ĆŒczyzn (28%). Istotne zwÄ™ĆŒenia odnotowano u 14% kobiet z genotypem II, u 20% z genotypem DI i u 21% pacjentek z genotypem DD. U mÄ™ĆŒczyzn istotne zwÄ™ĆŒenia obserwowano u 38% pacjentĂłw z genotypem II, u 25% z genotypem DI i u 22% badanych z genotypem DD. Znamiennie częstsze istotne zwÄ™ĆŒenia stwierdzono wƛrĂłd mÄ™ĆŒczyzn z genotypem II (p < 0,05). W grupie kobiet rĂłĆŒnice nie byƂy istotne statystycznie. Wnioski: U pacjentĂłw ze zwÄ™ĆŒeniem zastawki aortalnej zaleĆŒnoƛć między polimorfizmem I/D genu ACE a występowaniem istotnych zmian miaĆŒdĆŒycowych tętnic wieƄcowych jest rĂłĆŒna u kobiet i mÄ™ĆŒczyzn. U kobiet zaobserwowano tendencję do częstszego występowania istotnych zmian miaĆŒdĆŒycowych w tętnicach wieƄcowych u pacjentek z allelem D, natomiast u mÄ™ĆŒczyzn zmiany takie zanotowano istotnie częƛciej u homozygot II. (Folia Cardiol. 2003; 10: 161&#8211;168

    Predicting Diabetic Nephropathy Using a Multifactorial Genetic Model

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    AIMS: The tendency to develop diabetic nephropathy is, in part, genetically determined, however this genetic risk is largely undefined. In this proof-of-concept study, we tested the hypothesis that combined analysis of multiple genetic variants can improve prediction. METHODS: Based on previous reports, we selected 27 SNPs in 15 genes from metabolic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and genotyped them in 1274 Ashkenazi or Sephardic Jewish patients with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes of >10 years duration. A logistic regression model was built using a backward selection algorithm and SNPs nominally associated with nephropathy in our population. The model was validated by using random "training" (75%) and "test" (25%) subgroups of the original population and by applying the model to an independent dataset of 848 Ashkenazi patients. RESULTS: The logistic model based on 5 SNPs in 5 genes (HSPG2, NOS3, ADIPOR2, AGER, and CCL5) and 5 conventional variables (age, sex, ethnicity, diabetes type and duration), and allowing for all possible two-way interactions, predicted nephropathy in our initial population (C-statistic = 0.672) better than a model based on conventional variables only (C = 0.569). In the independent replication dataset, although the C-statistic of the genetic model decreased (0.576), it remained highly associated with diabetic nephropathy (χ(2) = 17.79, p<0.0001). In the replication dataset, the model based on conventional variables only was not associated with nephropathy (χ(2) = 3.2673, p = 0.07). CONCLUSION: In this proof-of-concept study, we developed and validated a genetic model in the Ashkenazi/Sephardic population predicting nephropathy more effectively than a similarly constructed non-genetic model. Further testing is required to determine if this modeling approach, using an optimally selected panel of genetic markers, can provide clinically useful prediction and if generic models can be developed for use across multiple ethnic groups or if population-specific models are required

    A meta-analysis of genome-wide data from five European isolates reveals an association of COL22A1, SYT1, and GABRR2 with serum creatinine level

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Serum creatinine (S<sub>CR</sub>) is the most important biomarker for a quick and non-invasive assessment of kidney function in population-based surveys. A substantial proportion of the inter-individual variability in S<sub>CR </sub>level is explicable by genetic factors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of S<sub>CR </sub>undertaken in five population isolates ('discovery cohorts'), all of which are part of the European Special Population Network (EUROSPAN) project. Genes showing the strongest evidence for an association with S<sub>CR </sub>(candidate loci) were replicated in two additional population-based samples ('replication cohorts').</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After the discovery meta-analysis, 29 loci were selected for replication. Association between S<sub>CR </sub>level and polymorphisms in the collagen type XXII alpha 1 (<it>COL22A1</it>) gene, on chromosome 8, and in the synaptotagmin-1 (<it>SYT1</it>) gene, on chromosome 12, were successfully replicated in the replication cohorts (p value = 1.0 × 10<sup>-6 </sup>and 1.7 × 10<sup>-4</sup>, respectively). Evidence of association was also found for polymorphisms in a locus including the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor rho-2 (<it>GABRR2</it>) gene and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-J1 (<it>UBE2J1</it>) gene (replication p value = 3.6 × 10<sup>-3</sup>). Previously reported findings, associating glomerular filtration rate with SNPs in the uromodulin (<it>UMOD</it>) gene and in the schroom family member 3 (<it>SCHROOM3</it>) gene were also replicated.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>While confirming earlier results, our study provides new insights in the understanding of the genetic basis of serum creatinine regulatory processes. In particular, the association with the genes <it>SYT1 </it>and <it>GABRR2 </it>corroborate previous findings that highlighted a possible role of the neurotransmitters GABA<sub>A </sub>receptors in the regulation of the glomerular basement membrane and a possible interaction between GABA<sub>A</sub>receptors and synaptotagmin-I at the podocyte level.</p

    Medicinal plants – prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review

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