30 research outputs found

    Les CLA, “nouveaux nutriments fonctionnels” ?

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    Les diĂšnes conjuguĂ©s de l’acide linolĂ©ique (CLA) constituent un groupe d’acides gras atypiques produits au cours de l’hydrogĂ©nation progressive de l’acide linolĂ©ique. Dans diffĂ©rentes espĂšces de mammifĂšre, les mĂ©langes isomĂ©riques commerciaux vendus comme complĂ©ments alimentaires provoquent d’une chute plus ou moins marquĂ©e de la masse grasse. Cet effet anti-obĂ©sitĂ© est strictement dĂ©pendant de l’isomĂšre t10,c12-CLA trouvĂ© normalement Ă  l’état de trace dans l’alimentation. Chez la souris, la consommation chronique de cet isomĂšre entraĂźne l’apparition d’un syndrome complexe caractĂ©risĂ© par une lipoatrophie, une hyperinsulinĂ©mie, une insulinorĂ©sistance et une stĂ©atose hĂ©patique dont l’origine et la chronologie sont prĂ©sentĂ©es et commentĂ©es dans cette synthĂšse. Chez l’Homme, l’impact des CLA sur la masse grasse est anecdotique. Cependant, des essais cliniques indiquent que la consommation de t10,c12-CLA peut s’accompagner d’effets secondaires indĂ©sirables. L’introduction de mĂ©langes de CLA riches en t10,c12-CLA dans l’alimentation humaine ne semble donc pas justiïŹĂ©e, que ce soit sous forme de complĂ©ments ou sous forme d’ingrĂ©dients alimentaires

    Differential involvement of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors alpha and delta in fibrate and fatty-acid-mediated inductions of the gene encoding liver fatty-acid-binding protein in the liver and the small intestine.

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    Liver fatty-acid-binding protein (L-FABP) is a cytoplasmic polypeptide that binds with strong affinity especially to long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). It is highly expressed in both the liver and small intestine, where it is thought to have an essential role in the control of the cellular fatty acid (FA) flux. Because expression of the gene encoding L-FABP is increased by both fibrate hypolipidaemic drugs and LCFAs, it seems to be under the control of transcription factors, termed peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), activated by fibrate or FAs. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which these regulations take place remain to be fully substantiated. Using transfection assays, we found that the different PPAR subtypes (alpha, gamma and delta) are able to mediate the up-regulation by FAs of the gene encoding L-FABP in vitro. Through analysis of LCFA- and fibrate-mediated effects on L-FABP mRNA levels in wild-type and PPARalpha-null mice, we have found that PPARalpha in the intestine does not constitute a dominant regulator of L-FABP gene expression, in contrast with what is known in the liver. Only the PPARdelta/alpha agonist GW2433 is able to up-regulate the gene encoding L-FABP in the intestine of PPARalpha-null mice. These findings demonstrate that PPARdelta can act as a fibrate/FA-activated receptor in tissues in which it is highly expressed and that L-FABP is a PPARdelta target gene in the small intestine. We propose that PPARdelta contributes to metabolic adaptation of the small intestine to changes in the lipid content of the diet
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