Deformation of the Dirac Equation

In this paper, we will first clarify the physical meaning of having a minimum measurable time. Then we will combine the deformation of the Dirac equation due to the existence of minimum measurable length and time scales with its deformation due to the doubly special relativity. We will also analyse this deformed Dirac equation in curved spacetime, and observe that this deformation of the Dirac equation also leads to a non-trivial modification of general relativity. Finally, we will analyse the stochastic quantization of this deformed Dirac equation on curved spacetime.Comment: 16 pages, 0 figures, Accepted for publication in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

The Concept of Net Neutrality and the Tension between Public Regulation and Private Self-regulation of Networks

El terme net neutrality (NN) s'ha convertit avui dia en un lloc comú i en un dels eixos de qualsevol debat sobre la regulació de la Xarxa i dels continguts, serveis i aplicacions que hi circulen. La idea d'NN incideix, essencialment, en els termes en què els ISP intervenen en els intercanvis i comunicacions que es produeixen entre, d'una banda, usuaris finals, i de l'altra, aquells operadors que utilitzen la plataforma d'Internet per a subministrar tot tipus de serveis i continguts. El debat sobre l'NN no és solament un debat econòmic que es mou exclusivament en el terreny de la defensa de la lliure competència en el mercat. Tal com s'ha advertit anteriorment, l'NN pot presentar també un clar vessant de control de continguts i per això d'incidència en l'exercici del dret fonamental a la llibertat d'expressió i d'informació.El término net neutrality (NN) se ha convertido hoy en día en un lugar común y en uno de los ejes de cualquier debate acerca de la regulación de la Red y de los contenidos, servicios y aplicaciones que circulan por ella. La idea de NN incide, esencialmente, en los términos en los que los ISP intervienen en los intercambios y comunicaciones que se producen entre, por un lado, usuarios finales, y por el otro, aquellos operadores que utilizan la plataforma de Internet para suministrar todo tipo de servicios y contenidos. El debate sobre la NN no es solo un debate económico que se mueva exclusivamente en el terreno de la defensa de la libre competencia en el mercado, tal y como se ha advertido anteriormente, la NN puede presentar también una clara vertiente de control de contenidos y por ello de incidencia en el ejercicio del derecho fundamental a la libertad de expresión y de información.The term net neutrality (NN) has today become commonplace and a central point in any debate on regulation of the Internet and the content, services and applications it offers. The idea of NN has a bearing, essentially, on those terms in which the ISPs intervene in exchange and communication between, on one hand the end user, and on the other, those operators who use the Internet as a platform to supply all kinds of services and content. The debate on NN is not only an economic one, restricted to the defence of free market competition. As commented previously, NN also takes on the significant aspect of control of content, and so affects the exercise of the fundamental right to freedom of expression and of information

La Repressió franquista als Països Catalans

En aquest article s'ofereix una panoràmica general sobre la repressió franquista als Països Catalans des de l'esclat de la Guerra Civil espanyola fins a la primera dècada de la instauració de la Dictadura, tot prenent en compte tant els efectes cruents com la repressió econòmica, els empresonaments, la depuració professional o el control social i moral a què se sotmeté la població en general. Després d'unes breus consideracions sobre el caràcter de la violència i la dominació desplegades pels revoltats als territoris que anaven ocupant, s'inicia un recorregut que comença l'estiu del 1936 a l'illa de Mallorca, únic territori de parla catalana que restà a mans del colpistes, continua per les terres de Lleida, ocupades la primavera del 1938, i es clou amb l'ofensiva final, l'hivern del mateix any, sobre Catalunya i València. Es fa especial incidència en les repercussions de la Llei de responsabilitats polítiques del 1939 i en el significat que tingueren per a l'ocupant la pacificació i la reconstrucció dels territoris conquerits

The Political Transition in Tunisia from the Point of View of Regulation of Communication Media

The Arab Spring has represented a very complex process of change in different countries, all of them with diverse political cultures and historical backgrounds. Thus, although it has been defined and “labeled” as a regional political movement, each country in the MENA region should basically be analyzed separately. Of course, this does not preclude that many lessons can be learnt from different transition processes (if they actually take place) and therefore some experiences can be useful for others. The case of Tunisia is particularly interesting in this sense. For several reasons (most of which have been pointed out in this text), Tunisia should be considered a leading country in the democratization of North Africa, including in the media sector. While countries like Egypt have also started a process of “liberalization” of the media sector (including the audiovisual sphere), in Tunisia this process has been undertaken by an adequate institutional system that has been able to enact a seminal and systematic legislative regime. The Tunisian case is in many ways unique, as far as it is the result of a political will to establish a pluralistic and proportionate regulatory system. This regime has to be enforced, in the case of the audiovisual sector, by a newly designed independent regulatory authority

The Francoist Repression in the Catalan Countries

This article offers an overview of Francoist repression in the Catalan Countries from the outbreak of the Civil War to the first decade after the establishment of the dictatorship. It covers both physical violence and measures such as economic repression, imprisonment, professional purges and the social and moral control to which the population as a whole was subjected. First the type of violence and domination exercised by the insurgents in the territories occupied is briefly examined. Then the author offers an account of the events which commences in the summer of 1936 in Majorca, the only Catalan-speaking territory to remain in rebel hands, then proceeds to the Lleida region, which was occupied in the spring of 1938, and concludes with the final offensive against Catalonia and Valencia, launched in the winter of that same year. Special stress is laid on the repercussions of the 1939 Law of Political Responsibilities and the meaning attached by the occupiers to the pacification and reconstruction of the conquered territories