Application of the tris(acetylacetonato)iron(III)/(II) redox couple in p-type dye-sensitized solar cells

An electrolyte based on the tris(acetylacetonato)- iron(III)/(II) redox couple ([Fe(acac)3 ] 0/1 ) was developed for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Introduction of a NiO blocking layer on the working electrode and the use of chenodeoxycholic acid in the electrolyte enhanced device performance by improving the photocurrent. Devices containing [Fe(acac)3 ] 0/1 and a perylene-thiophene-triphenylamine sensitizer (PMI-6T-TPA) have the highest reported shortcircuit current (JSC=7.65 mA cm2 ), and energy conversion efficiency (2.51%) for p-type DSSCs coupled with a fill factor of 0.51 and an open-circuit voltage VOC=645 mV. Measurement of the kinetics of dye regeneration by the redox mediator revealed that the process is diffusion limited as the dyeregeneration rate constant (1.7 108 m 1 s 1 ) is very close to the maximum theoretical rate constant of 3.3 108 m 1 s 1 . Consequently, a very high dye-regeneration yield (>99%) could be calculated for these devices

Thermodynamic Modeling of Equilibrium Subsolidus Phase Relations in the Ag-Pd-O₂ System

From literature values of the thermodynamic activity of Pd in Ag/Pd solid solutions and the Gibbs free energy of formation of PdO as a function of temperature, subsolidus equilibrium phase relations in the Pd-Ag-O2 system have been calculated and compared to results from high-temperature XRD analyses. the developed model takes into account the nonideal activity of Pd in Ag/Pd solid solutions and confirms that increasing the Ag/Pd ratio or decreasing the oxygen activity decreases the temperature at which PdO reduces. It also accurately predicts that the temperature range over which the PdO reduces is broad for Ag-rich compositions, and narrow for Pd-rich compositions

Influence of solution speciation of impurities on polymorphic nucleation in glycine

10.1021/cg060570wCrystal Growth and Design81179-18

Gross Domestic Product and Health

This piece looks at the relationship between health, development and economic growth, going beyond the traditional and incorrect use of GDP as a measure of welfare. The focus will be given to explain the relationship between investments in health and progress in development and growth. This will be done through the analysis of existing literature from health and economics disciplines, as well as the works (studies and reports) of international organisations. The contribution of this piece to the existing body of work will be the compilation of empirical evidence used as basis for policy recommendations. Specific areas that will be covered are the consideration of health as part of human capital, and the relationship between health and education, development and GDP