Performance Evaluation of Induced Mutagenesis using Colchicine and EMS Solution on Cowpea M3 Purple and Mung Bean Vima1 to Increase Resistance

Induced mutagenesis is one way to improve the quality of crops, especially to increase the resistance to pests and diseases. This research aimed to determine colchicine and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis on cowpea M3 purple and mung bean Vima1, in concatenation for developing resistant crops. This research consists of four packages: (1) first package (cowpea M3 purple seeds treated with colchicine solution, (2) second package (cowpea M3 purple seeds treated with EMS solution), (3) third package (mung bean Vima1 seeds treated with colchicine solution) and (4) fourth package (mung bean Vima1 seeds treated with EMS solution). The results of this research revealed that induced mutagenesis by colchicine solution treatment reduced the incidence of bean leaf beetles up to 19% on cowpea M3 purple, as well leaf miners by 5% to 9% and bean leaf beetles up to 5% on mung bean Vima1. Treatment of EMS solution decreased the incidence of bean leaf beetles by 17% on cowpea M3 purple and pink mealybug by 5% to 15% on mung bean Vima1. Induced mutagenesis using EMS solution significantly decreased vegetable leaf miner incidence by 33% to 93% or 71% on average. Colchicine and EMS solution treatment caused aphid attacks in cowpea M3 purple, particularly in pods. The attacks did not happen on leaves and aphid incidence in pods was slower than in control. Some promising mutant candidates were found from this research that will be used in further crop development studies. It is expected that the method and results of this research could inspire faster development of resistant crops

Seroprevalensi Sistiserkosis pada Babi di Papua (SEROPREVALENCE OF PIG CYSTICERCOSIS IN PAPUA REGION)

Pig cysticercosis is an infection caused by the larval stage of pork tapeworm and Papua is one of the largest endemic areas of cysticercosis in Indonesia. This survey aim was to determine the seroprevalence of pig cystisercosis in Papua. A total of 311 pig serum samples collected from six regencies in Papua were examined using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The result of the survey showed that the average seroprevalence of pig cysticercosis in Papua was 23.5% (73/311), where the highest seroprevalence was found in the regency of Jayawijaya was 42.6% (43/101), Biak 22.5% (9/40), Nabire 20.6% (7/34), Mimika 17% (8/47), Jayapura 13.5% (5/37), and Merauke 1.9% (1/52). It can be concluded that the seroprevalence of pig cysticercosis in Papua is still high, therefore, it is necessary to do more intensive programs to prevent and control this disease. ABSTRAK Sistiserkosis pada babi adalah infeksi yang disebabkan oleh stadium larva cacing pita, dan Papua merupakan salah satu daerah endemis sistiserkosis di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan seroprevalensi sistiserkosis pada babi di Papua. Sebanyak 311 sampel serum babi yang dikumpulkan dari enam kabupaten di Papua diuji dengan Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rataan seroprevalensi sistiserkosis pada babi di Papua sebesar 23,5% (73/311), dan seroprevalensi terbesar ditemukan di Kabupaten Jayawijaya 42,6% (43/101), Biak 22,5% (9/40), Nabire 20,6% (7/34), Mimika 17% (8/47), Jayapura 13,5% (5/37), dan Merauke 1,9% (1/52). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa seroprevalensi sistiserkosis pada babi di Papua masih tinggi, sehingga diperlukan program yang lebih intensif untuk mencegah dan mengontrol penyakit ini

Kualitas Air Peternakan Ayam Broiler Ditinjau dari Jumlah Bakteri Coliform dan Escherichia coli (WATER QUALITY IN BROILER CHICKENS FARMS TOWARDS THE NUMBER OF COLIFORM AND ESCHERICHIA COLI BACTERIA)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah bakteri Coliform dan Escherichia coli dalam air minum ternak ayam broiler di Desa Mangesta, Kecamatan Penebel, Kabupaten Tabanan ditinjau dari jumlah bakteri Coliform dan Escherichia coli. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga lokasi pengambilan sampel yaitu Beji (mata air), Reservoir (kaptering) dan tempat minum ternak; dan pengulangan sebanyak 9 kali dari tiap kelompok. Jumlah bakteri Coliform dan Escherichia coli dihitung dengan metode sebar. Data hasil bakteri Coliform dan Escherichia coli dianalisis menggunakan Sidik Ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah bakteri Coliform pada Beji (mata air), Reservoir (kaptering), dan tempat minum ternak berturut – turut:  Coliform 19768 x 105 CFU/100 ml, 11222 x 105 CFU/100 ml, 30957 x 105 CFU/100 ml dan jumlah  Escherichia coli berturut – turut: 9233 x 105 CFU/100 ml, 3457 x 105 CFU/100 ml, dan 19657 x 105 CFU/100 ml. Secara statistik jumlah Escherichia coli dan Coliform pada tempat minum sangat nyata lebih tinggi dari pada jumlah Escherichia coli dan Coliform pada Reservoir (kaptering) dan Beji (mata air)   This study aims were to determine the number of  Coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria in drinking water of broiler chickens farm in the Mangesta Village, Penebel Sub-District, Tabanan.  This study used a randomized block design from three sampling sites which were Beji (the water springs), water reservoir, and drinking place livestock, and had nine times repetition in each group. The number of Coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria was calculated by the method of spread. The data result from Coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria were analyzed using Analysis of Variance, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The research number of Coliform bacteria at Beji (water springs), water reservoir, and the drinking plate were 19768 x 105 CFU/100 ml, 11222 x 105 CFU/100 ml, 30957 x 105 CFU/100 ml and the number of Escherichia coli were 9233 x 105 CFU/100 ml, 3457 x 105 CFU/100 ml, and 19657 x 105 CFU/100 ml. Statistically, the number of Escherichia coli and Coliform in drinking place was significantly higher than the Beji (water springs) and water reservoir

SUPPRESSION ABILITY OF CRUDE EXTRACT DERIVED FROM MARINE BIOTA AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. VANILLAE

The objective of this research was to investigate suppression ability of marine biota extracts against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae of vanilla stem rot. Samples were collected at intertidal zones and in the depth of 1-7 m from seven beaches in Bali. Screening of active compounds of biota extracts were conducted using inhibition zone of well diffusion method on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). The extract was tested in-vitro in PDA medium using completely randomized design with three replicates. The methanolic extract of Aglaophenia sp. was able to suppress the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. vanillae effectively, with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 0.05 %. The extract inhibited colony growth diameter and total mycelial dry weight

Pengaruh Infusa Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) terhadap Kualitas Daging Kambing Pada Suhu Ruang

Daun salam sering dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan penyedap makanan dan juga sebagai obat alami, tanpa disadari bahwa daun salam mengandung senyawa antimikroba yang bersifat bakterisidal. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman infusa daun salam terhadap kualitas daging kambing pada peletakkan suhu ruang yang ditinjau dari konsistensi, tekstur, daya ikat air, dan perkiraan jumlah bakteri. Uji konsistensi dan tekstur menggunakan sepuluh orang panelis, uji daya ikat air menggunakan metode Hamm, dan uji perkiraan jumlah bakteri menggunakan uji reduksi biru metilin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perendaman infusa daun salam dengan konsentrasi (0%, 5%, 10%, dan 15%) berpengaruh nyata (P0,05) terhadap tekstur dan daya ikat air daging kambing. Pemberian infusa daun salam baik terhadap kualitas daging kambing pada suhu ruang

Daya Tahan Daging Kambing yang Diberikan Infusa Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) pada Suhu Ruang

Daging kambing mengandung protein cukup tinggi dan terdapat pula kandungan asam amino esesensial yang lengkap dan seimbang. Akibat adanya komponen  nutrisi yang terkandung dalam daging kambing, maka daging kambing  juga merupakan media yang baik untuk pertumbuhan bakteri, sehingga mudah mengalami kerusakan dan pembusukan.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui daya tahan daging kambing yang diberikan infusa daun salam pada peletakan suhu ruang yang ditinjau dari bau, warna, pH, dan kadar air. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial yaitu empat faktor konsentrasi 0%, 5%, 10%, dan 15%  infusa daun salam dan dilakukan pengamatan waktu 0, 3, 6, dan 9 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perendaman infusa daun salam dengan konsentrasi (0%, 5%, 10%, dan 15%) berpengaruh nyata (P0,05) terhadap kadar air daging kambing. Pemberian daun salam sebagai pengawet alami berpengaruh baik terhadap daya tahan daging kambing