MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF WATER-JET TRANSPORT PHENOMENON IN FIRE SERVICE

A model is developed that will allow the fireman to stand as far back as possible from a collapsing wall of a storey building while directing a water jet into a window of the burning building. The variables in the model are therefore, the initial angle (α) and the distance of the fireman from the wall (x). Data collected from Imo State Fire Service, Nigeria, were used in validating the model. The model gives 60o as an optimum initial water jet angle to the horizontal. With 60o as the initial angle, the optimum distance is dependent on the initial velocity of the gun. This can be applied in a burning storey building that is in the risk of collapsing anywhere in the world. The optimum distance from the wall must satisfy equation (10). The work enables the fireman to know a particular point to stand near the building with respect to initial velocity of water fountain and its initial tilt to the horizontal

Kinetic Modeling of Mango Fruit Ripening

In this work, three stages of mango ripening (mango ripening, ethylene inducement, rotting) are modelled kinetically. Data for mango ripening are obtained from internet, and are used to perform regression analysis of the kinetic models developed. It is seen that the results show linear relationship between concentrations and conversion for all the chemical components in all the models (fig. 1a, 2a, 3a). Also the results of the concentration-time relationship are highly non-linear (fig. 1b, 2b and 3b). The reciprocal of the reaction rates varies non-linearly with conversion: profile of ethylene inducement and rotting rise exponentially while that of mango ripening falls non-linearly. The result of this study will help those dealing with fruits in orchard during harvesting and post harvest handling

Kinetic Modeling of Mango Fruit Ripening

In this work, three stages of mango ripening (mango ripening, ethylene inducement, rotting) are modelled kinetically.  Data for mango ripening are obtained from internet, and are used to perform regression analysis of the kinetic models developed.  It is seen that the results show linear relationship between concentrations and conversion for all the chemical components in all the models (fig. 1a, 2a, 3a).  Also the results of the concentration-time relationship are highly non-linear (fig. 1b, 2b and 3b).  The reciprocal of the reaction rates varies non-linearly with conversion: profile of ethylene inducement and rotting rise exponentially while that of mango ripening falls non-linearly.  The result of this study will help those dealing with fruits in orchard during harvesting and post harvest handling. Keywords: mango fruit ripening, ethylene, kinetic modelling, maturing, rotting, stoichiometr

Chemical Composition and Modeling of the Functions of Termitarium

The work was carried out in Fugro Consultants Nigeria Limited, Port Harcourt. It was the identification, extraction and characterization of chemical compounds responsible for making termination. The results showed that termitarium contains 11.6 (g/kg) of TOM; 15.9 (mg/kg) of Magnesium, 11690 (mg/kg) of iron and 23.3 (mg/kg) of extractable chloride which are responsible for structural stability of termitarium. The result also revealed that increase of clay content enhances the structural stability of termitarium. % water absorbed Vs time(s) for control and termitarium, mean number of seedings Vs time (days) for control and termitarium, gave their R-square (correlation coefficient) as 0.9975, 0.9951, 0.9959, 09807 and 0.09995 respectivel

Modeling The Mechanism Of Carbon Capture And Sequestration (Ccs) In A System

Rate of carbon sequestration or annual uptake was modeled. Data from Mississippi Delta, ponderosa pine and black walnut, all in USA were used to validate the models. The co-relations of these models for these three sources of data were very high, suggesting that carbon sequestration is modelable and predictable provided that there is a perfect experimental method to capture and sequester the carbon compound with time. This work is a stepping stone to solving carbon capture and sequestration problem of our planet earth. Through a global engineering and technology it is feasible

Activated Orange Meso-Carp Carbon (AOMC); An Acceptable Remediation Techniques for Crude Oil Pollution Effect

Abstract: Orange mesocarp with its potentials application to remove spilled crude oil was used to prepare an activated adsorbent. Therefore, adsorption of crude oil onto the activated orange meso-carp (AOMC) was investigated. Batch experiment was adopted for the equilibrium studies and the studies were conducted for various operational parameters such as varying crude oil concentration and temperature values. The crude oil samples of A, B, C, D and E, with concentrations 6045, 4393, 8508, 11583, and 5220, respectively and temperature values varied between 10-50ºC were used for the experiment. The adsorption equilibrium was established at 40 min of adsorption time. Partition coefficients, kd (L/kg) for various samples reacted inversely with temperature and were in the ranges of 0.37-0.69, 0.65-1.11, 1.28-2.04, 1.17-1.39 and 1.23-4.53 for samples A, B, C, D and E, respectively. percentage of crude oil samples on the AOMC decreased with low crude oil hydrocarbons and the trend was shown as follows D>C >A>E>B. Percentage ranges for samples A, B, C,D and E were given to be 86.8-88%, 60.5-72.4, 52.5-55.2, 47.9-55.4 and 45.3-49.2%, respectively. Sorption of the crude oil samples to AOMC was found to be spontaneous, exothermic, and physio-sorption controlled with G values being in the ranges of -71.49 to -21.29, -18.25 to -5.43, -30.24 to -21.11, -28.55 to -11.33 and -50.74 to -50.12 KJ/mol for samples A ,B , C , D and E, respectively. Enthalpy(H) and Entropy changes(S) were also found to be -10.28, -12.24, -8.92, -6.9, -50.28 J/mol/K and -2.92, -0.32, -0.50, -0.44, -0.01 for samples A, B, C, D and E, respectively. Activated orange meso-carp provides a veritable environmentally remediation technique for crude oil spillage

Kinetic Modelling of Vitamin C Degradation in Selected Fruits under Market Storage Conditions

The degradation kinetics of vitamin C in three fruits namely; orange, banana and apple under different market storage conditions prevalent in Nigeria were investigated. Orange and banana samples were stored in sacks and open air at ambient conditions, while open air and refrigerator were used for apple samples. Storage was for 6 days duration. .Iodometric titration was used to determine vitamin C content of the fruits on a daily basis. Regression analysis was employed to fit the variations in vitamin C concentration in the different samples with time, to three kinetic models, to determine which model best describes the degradation trend. Results showed that vitamin C concentration in all the fruit samples reduced over time following zero order kinetics. Kinetic studies obtained the following degradation rate constants: orange 0.44g.L-1.s-1 and 0.29 g.L-1.s-1, for sack and open air storage respectively, banana 0.316 g.L-1.s-1 and 0.264 g.L-1.s-1, for sack and open air, and apple 0.122 g.L-1.s-1 and 0.188 g.L-1.s-1, for refrigerated and open air respectively. The study indicated that with respect to vitamin C retention, open air storage is preferable to sack for oranges and bananas while apples are preferably stored in refrigerator

Water Quality Impact of Flow Station Effluent in a Receiving Creek

The physicochemical quality of a crude oil flow station effluent and water of an effluent receiving creek were investigated. Samples were characterized by laboratory analysis. High concentrations of some toxicants exceeding environmental standards were observed in the effluent and water samples, which include BOD5 (544mg/L), COD (650mg/L), salinity (3162mg/L), copper (2.3mg/L), TDS (18900 mg/L), lead (0.51mg/L), and cadmium (0.04mg/L). The study underscored the need for proper treatment and monitoring of effluent to ensure compliance with statutory standard, before discharge into the environment to safeguard the ecosystem, as continued discharge of improperly treated effluent may compound the ecological problem of the receiving water environmen

Environmental Assessment of Vehicular Emission in Port-Harcourt City, Nigeria

Port Harcourt is a coastal city located in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, with very short dry season and long heavy rainy season periods. The objective of this study was to assess air pollution level from vehicular emission during the rainy season period. Three locations in the city noted for high traffic congestion were selected for the study. Air sampling in these locations were carried out for 11 days, covering peak and off peak periods. The following air pollutants were measured namely; nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (CxHy), as well as climatic elements – ambient temperature and relative humidity. The air pollutant levels obtained were compared with local and International standards. CO complied with International standard, but exceeded local standard. There is need for effective air pollution monitoring and control, this will go a long way to reduce the health risk associated with air pollution in the city

Аналіз основних тенденцій розвитку ринку органічних косметичних засобів на основі арганової олії

Aim. To analyze the main trends in the development of the market segment of organic cosmetics containing argan oil. Materials and methods. Data from Internet sources on specific topics, information from the official websites of cosmetic manufacturers, as well as methods of systems analysis, historical, retrospective, analytical and logical methods were used in the work. Results. Due to the growing popularity of organic beauty, the global organic cosmetic market demonstrates an annual growth rate of 8-10 % (it is predicted that by 2022 its volume will be 2024 million). The article examines approaches to the collection of the raw material, the production and sale of environmentally friendly cosmetic products containing argan oil. To obtain 1-1.5 liters of pure oil, it is necessary to process 100 kg of seeds or 3 kg of kernels, its shelf life without preservatives is 2 years, therefore, the question of the composition of cosmetics produced by world brands remains open. The fact that it is practically absent in ordinary stores is also associated with negative factors that hinder the development of organic cosmetics with argan oil in different countries, including Ukraine. According to the marketing company Reportsbuzz, 17 key players from 10 countries producing these cosmetic products have been identified, the leaders among them are the Kingdom of Morocco (5 companies, which is 29,4 % of the total). Conclusions. The analysis of the composition of cosmetics sold on the sites kasta.ua, prom.ua, shafa.ua, allows us to conclude that most of the products are manufactured in Israel and the United States (although declared as Moroccan); the main component is silicones. Cosmetics with Spinosa oil (Argan) Kernel Oil is in the sixth place. In Ukraine, cosmetics with argan oil can be purchased through the official distributor – “Nectarome Ukraine”, on its website 6 products are presented with prices that start from 4 per 20 ml (Sérum huileux Neroli – Argane – Figues de barbarie) to 119.66 per 1 liter (Huile d’ Argane pressée à froid Certifiée Biologique) as of 23.06.2021.Мета – проаналізувати основні тенденції розвитку ринкового сегмента органічної косметики, до складу якої входить арганова олія. Матеріали та методи. Дослідження проведено на основі даних інтернет-джерел за обраною тематикою та інформації з офіційних сайтів виробників косметичних засобів з використанням методів системного аналізу, історичного, ретроспективного, аналітичного та логічного. Результати дослідження. У зв’язку з поширенням популярності продукції organic beauty світовий ринок органічної косметики демонструє щорічні темпи зростання на 8-10 % (прогнозують, що 2022 року її продаж складатиме 2024 млн дол.). У роботі нами було проаналізовано сучасні підходи до збору сировини, виробництва й реалізації органічних косметичних засобів, до складу яких входить арганова олія. Для отримання 1-1,5 літра чистої олії необхідно переробити 100 кг кісточок або 3 кг ядер, термін її придатності без застосування консервантів – 2 роки. Тому питання щодо складу косметичних засобів, що їх випускають всесвітні бренди, залишається відкритим. З-поміж негативних чинників, які стримують розвиток органічної косметики з олією арганії в різних країнах, зокрема і в Україні, зазначають той факт, що ця продукція майже не представлена у звичайних магазинах. За даними маркетингової компанії «Reportsbuzz», наразі є 17 ключових гравців з 10 країн, що випускають такі косметичні продукти, лідером визнано Королівство Марокко (5 компаній, що становить 29,4 % від загальної кількості). Висновки. Проведений аналіз складу косметичних засобів, реалізовуваних на сайтах kasta.ua, prom.ua, shafa.ua, дозволяє констатувати, що більшість продуктів вироблено в Ізраїлі та США (хоча заявлено виробництво Марокко), а їхні основні складники − силікони, що доводить неорганічне походження цих косметичних засобів. Косметика з олією Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil посідає шосте місце. В Україні косметичні засоби з аргановою олією можна придбати через офіційного дистриб’ютора − «Nectarome Ukraine», на сайті якого (станом на червень 2021 р.) присутні 6 найменувань за ціною від 4 за 20 мл (Sérum huileux Neroli – Argane – Figues de barbarie) до 119,66 $ за 1 л (Huile d’ Argane pressée à froid Certifiée Biologique)