Effekte der Saatgutimpfung im ökologischen Soja-Anbau unter den Umweltbedingungen nördlicher Breiten

Driven by an increasing demand for GMO-free soya as food or fodder, the production of organic Soybeans increases, also in high latitudes. As a legume crop, soya needs specific rhizobia bacteria to be supplied by biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Since most soils lack the soy-specific strains, bacteria material is usually added manually. We set up a field trial with 5 site-years to investigate the benefit of this inoculation procedure in two different environments (humid, Germany/semi-arid, Russia) under organic farming conditions. Overall 5 different varieties were used (at each site 2 individual and 1 joint) to compare inoculation against untreated control. Leaf chlorophyll as indicator for BNF was determined by a SPAD-502. To make the SPADmeter readings of diff d). Inoculation was always significantly successful and led to higher leaf chlorophyll contents. This positive inoculation effect resulted only in 1 year in a higher bean yield. Since soya will only benefit from BNF after manual inoculation, this additional effort seems to be necessary to substitute other pules in organic crop rotations

Bildanalytische Farberkennung zur Geschwindigkeitsregulierung beim Jäteflieger im ökologischen Möhrenanbau

Weed control in organic carrot production is time and cost intensive. There are several practicable techniques available for inter-row weed control, but the most sensitive area - ted by manual weeding. Weed regulation is usually done in uniform operations for one field, but weeds appear in a huge spatial variability, reflecting heterogeneous soil and climate conditions. Following the idea of precision farming, we developed a concept for camera-based weed detection, which displays the density as recommendation for velocity adaptation for the driver. The system was tested against the usual weeding with one constant velocity in a field trial with randomized plots. By using the new technology it was possible to increase the area performance by higher average velocities without reducing the weeding quality compared to the usual system. The next step of this low-cost component approach would be a complete implementation into the tractor system with the possibility of automatically velocity regulations

Anal vein thrombosis—excise or nothing

Purpose. The recurrence rates of excision, incision, and conservative treatments following anal vein thrombosis (AVT) are unclear. We compared the efficacy of treatment methods using Kaplan–Meier statistics. Our null hypothesis H0 is that incision of AVT gives as good results as surgical excision in terms of recurrence-free outcome. Methods. One hundred fifty patients treated in a single hospital in northern Germany from 2013 to 2017 were interviewed and their data analysed. Results. While recurrence-free outcome was about 22% following conservative treatment and 21% for incisional treatment, only surgical excision enabled recurrencefree outcome (86%) 4 years following surgery. While conservative and incisional therapy did not differ statistically, excision was significantly better than both of those treatments (p< 0.001). Conclusions. Our null hypothesis H0 that incision of AVT gives as good results as surgical excision in terms of recurrence free outcome was rejected. Incision of AVT should be abandoned, as it is painful, useless, and associated with a high recurrence rate as a conservative treatment in four of five patients. Surgical excision is the only method that enables significant recurrence-free outcome and should be used as the treatment of choice. Keywords Anal vein thrombosis · Therapy · Surgical excision · Recurrence rate · Pain · Visual analogue scale (VAS) · Thrombosed external hemorrhoi

Carers&rsquo; education improves oral health of older people suffering from dementia &ndash; results of an intervention study

Andreas Zenth&ouml;fer,1 Inga Meyer-K&uuml;hling,2,3 Anna-Luisa Hufeland,1 Johannes Schr&ouml;der,2,3 Tomas Cabrera,1 Dominik Baumgart,1 Peter Rammelsberg,1 Alexander J Hassel1 1Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Heidelberg, 2Institute of Gerontology, University of Heidelberg, 3Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Center of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of carers&rsquo; education on improvements in oral health and denture hygiene of care-dependent and cognitively impaired older people in nursing homes compared to those without intervention. Methods: A total of 219 seniors living in 14 nursing homes in southwest Germany (intervention: n=144; control: n=75) were enrolled in this study. For each participant, Plaque Control Record (PCR), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Denture Hygiene Index (DHI) and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) were assessed at baseline and six months following the interventions. In addition, demographic parameters such as age, sex, chronic diseases, permanent medications, level of dependency and cognitive state were recorded. In the intervention homes, education for caregivers was provided and ultrasound baths for denture cleaning were implemented. Changes in the dental target variables PCR, GBI, CPITN and DHI during the six-month study period were compared between subjects in the intervention and the control groups as well as between subjects with and without dementia. Additionally, multivariate models were compiled for each dental index to evaluate possible confounders. Results: In the intervention group, PCR and DHI significantly improved during the study period (P&lt;0.001). Oral health and denture hygiene improved likewise in subjects with and without dementia. In the control group, no significant improvements were observed (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Carers&rsquo; education improves oral health of people in nursing homes over a clinically relevant period of time. Implementation of ultrasound baths is a simple and effective measure to improve denture hygiene of both institutionalized elderly people and seniors with dementia and in severe need of care. From a clinical standpoint, it is noteworthy that the respective interventions can be easily implemented in everyday care routine. Keywords: oral health, intervention, older people, nursing home, longitudina