Pharmacotherapeutics Efficacy in Obesity Treatment: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Obesity is a public health concern on a global scale, obesity can lead to significant risk of developing various comorbidities. Lifestyle interventions along with surgical and medical approaches are the primary options for obesity treatment. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for weight loss in adults with obesity. Methods: A systematic search review was carried out from January 2018 to December 2022. The search for relevant articles was conducted through PubMed and EBSCO databases. 2290 articles were retrieved and evaluated based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them, 362 articles were duplicates and subsequently removed. Further, 1893 articles failed to meet the inclusion criteria and were excluded from this review. Consequently, 35 articles were considered for the review. Results: Pharmacologic interventions showed good efficacy in treating obesity. Glucagon-like peptide1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists showed the highest efficacy. Other options including sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) Inhibitors, orlistat, phentermine/topiramate, metformin, tirzepatide, Gelesis100 also demonstrated efficacy to various degrees. The safety profile of these interventions was generally good with gastrointestinal symptoms being the most frequently reported adverse events in almost all the included interventions. Neurological symptoms were the most frequently reported in phentermine/topiramate. Conclusion: This review, in agreement with prior research, indicates that medications can effectively treat obesity with a favorable safety profile. Thus, pharmacotherapy presents a promising, safe, and effective method to achieve weight loss, indicating its potential to play a significant role in the future

Emerging Aeromonas Species Infections and Their Significance in Public Health

Aeromonas species are ubiquitous bacteria in terrestrial and aquatic milieus. They are becoming renowned as enteric pathogens of serious public health concern as they acquire a number of virulence determinants that are linked with human diseases, such as gastroenteritis, soft-tissue, muscle infections, septicemia, and skin diseases. Proper sanitary procedures are essential in the prevention of the spread of Aeromonas infections. Oral fluid electrolyte substitution is employed in the prevention of dehydration, and broad-spectrum antibiotics are used in severe Aeromonas outbreaks. This review presents an overview of emerging Aeromonas infections and proposes the need for actions necessary for establishing adequate prevention measures against the infections

Turbulent Origin of the Galactic-Center Magnetic Field: Nonthermal Radio Filaments

A great deal of study has been carried out over the last twenty years on the origin of the magnetic activity in the Galactic center. One of the most popular hypotheses assumes milli-Gauss magnetic field with poloidal geometry, pervading the inner few hundred parsecs of the Galactic-center region. However, there is a growing observational evidence for the large-scale distribution of a much weaker field of B \lesssim 10 micro G in this region. Here, we propose that the Galactic-center magnetic field originates from turbulent activity that is known to be extreme in the central hundred parsecs. In this picture the spatial distribution of the magnetic field energy is highly intermittent, and the regions of strong field have filamentary structures. We propose that the observed nonthermal radio filaments appear in (or, possibly, may be identified with) such strongly magnetized regions. At the same time, the large-scale diffuse magnetic field is weak. Both results of our model can explain the magnetic field measurements of the the Galactic-center region. In addition, we discuss the role of ionized outflow from stellar clusters in producing the long magnetized filaments perpendicular to the Galactic plane.Comment: 11 pages, accepted to ApJ Letter

Quantum Corrections for a Braneworld Black Hole

By using the quantum tunneling approach over semiclassical approximations, we study the quantum corrections to the Hawking temperature, entropy and Bekenstein-Hawking entropy-area relation for a black hole lying on a brane.Comment: 8 pages, accepted for publication in IJTP, references adde

Adsorption Behavior of Copper in Some Calcareous Soils from Duhok Governorate

Soil samples were taken from the surface layer of eight locations (Smail Ava, Khanki, Khirshanya,  Esyan, Mahed, Suwaratoka, Bamerny and Tirwanish) Duhok governorate -Iraqi Kurdistan region, to evaluate the adsorption and thermodynamic parameters of copper (Kº, ∆Gº, ∆Hº and ∆Sº) which were determined using adsorption data and Cu2+ in equilibrium solution at two different temperature. The results demonstrated that an concentration increasing in adsorbed Cu2+with increasing added Cu2+ and temperature in all studied soils. The values of the thermodynamic equilibrium constant (Kº) and ∆Gº increased with increasing temperature from (25 to 48) °C. The values of ΔGº of both temperatures (25°C and 48°C) were negative, ranged from (-16.505 to -17.346 and -18.658 to -21.519) kJ mol-1 respectively, these negative values designate that the adsorption process is spontaneous. Enthalpy (ΔHº) and entropy (∆Sº) of studied soils were positive and varied from (2.678 to 36.716) kJ mol-1 and (66.466 to 181.417) J mol-1K-1. The positive results of (ΔHº) showed that Cu2+ adsorption is an endothermic reaction. The results also revealed that alkaline calcareous soils in Duhok adsorbed high quantities of Cu2+ and thermodynamic parameters are helpful in describing Cu2+ adsorption. The high value of Kº, ∆Gº, ∆Hº and ∆Sº for copper at 25°C and 48°C were found in soil of Smail Ava location, but low value of ∆Hº and ∆Sº for copper initiate in soil of Suwaratoka location. The type of adsorption process in Khirshanya and Suwaratoka locations can be explained by ion exchange because the mean free energy of adsorption (E) value in both locations were less than 16 kJ mol-1

Planar and Nonplanar Konishi Anomalies and Effective Superpotential for Noncommutative N=1 Supersymmetric U(1)

The Konishi anomalies for noncommutative N=1 supersymmetric U(1) gauge theory arising from planar and nonplanar diagrams are calculated. Whereas planar Konishi anomaly is the expected \star-deformation of the commutative anomaly, nonplanar anomaly reflects the important features of nonplanar diagrams of noncommutative gauge theories, such as UV/IR mixing and the appearance of nonlocal open Wilson lines. We use the planar and nonplanar Konishi anomalies to calculate the effective superpotential of the theory. In the limit of vanishing |\Theta p|, with \Theta the noncommutativity parameter, the noncommutative effective superpotential depends on a gauge invariant superfield, which includes supersymmetric Wilson lines, and has nontrivial dependence on the gauge field supermultiplet.Comment: LaTeX, 36 pages. Version 2: Typos Corrected. Version 3: Extensively revised version, 42 pages, to be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys. A. (2005