Physcomitrella patens DCL3 Is Required for 22–24 nt siRNA Accumulation, Suppression of Retrotransposon-Derived Transcripts, and Normal Development

Endogenous 24 nt short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), derived mostly from intergenic and repetitive genomic regions, constitute a major class of endogenous small RNAs in flowering plants. Accumulation of Arabidopsis thaliana 24 nt siRNAs requires the Dicer family member DCL3, and clear homologs of DCL3 exist in both flowering and non-flowering plants. However, the absence of a conspicuous 24 nt peak in the total RNA populations of several non-flowering plants has raised the question of whether this class of siRNAs might, in contrast to the ancient 21 nt microRNAs (miRNAs) and 21–22 nt trans-acting siRNAs (tasiRNAs), be an angiosperm-specific innovation. Analysis of non-miRNA, non-tasiRNA hotspots of small RNA production within the genome of the moss Physcomitrella patens revealed multiple loci that consistently produced a mixture of 21–24 nt siRNAs with a peak at 23 nt. These Pp23SR loci were significantly enriched in transposon content, depleted in overlap with annotated genes, and typified by dense concentrations of the 5-methyl cytosine (5 mC) DNA modification. Deep sequencing of small RNAs from two independent Ppdcl3 mutants showed that the P. patens DCL3 homolog is required for the accumulation of 22–24 nt siRNAs, but not 21 nt siRNAs, at Pp23SR loci. The 21 nt component of Pp23SR-derived siRNAs was also unaffected by a mutation in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase mutant Pprdr6. Transcriptome-wide, Ppdcl3 mutants failed to accumulate 22–24 nt small RNAs from repetitive regions while transcripts from two abundant families of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon-associated reverse transcriptases were up-regulated. Ppdcl3 mutants also displayed an acceleration of leafy gametophore production, suggesting that repetitive siRNAs may play a role in the development of P. patens. We conclude that intergenic/repeat-derived siRNAs are indeed a broadly conserved, distinct class of small regulatory RNAs within land plants

City Hospitals Model In Biomedical Calibration Service

Clinical engineering comprise of management of medical technology, medical device maintenance, repair, and calibration which they are bought according to capacity of health institution. In this study, entirely using principles have been given about medical device maintenance, repair, and calibration. A model has been designed which is biomedical calibration production service to new vast city hospitals. The hospitals have high bed capacity and because of that there are more different types of medical devices in their inventory. According to the model has been depicted about separating medical devices too. Besides, process planning has been materialized in biomedical calibration. A new work flow model has been suggested result of evaluating both of calibration and preventive maintenance. Moreover in this study mentioned about laboratory accreditation to international traceability need. Furthermore an offset investment model has been examined to medical device calibrators which they will have bought city hospitals. Urgent actions have detected for all consider authority to the investment model success.Klinik mühendislik sağlık kurumlarının kapasitelerine göre alınacak tüm tıbbi cihazların bakım, onarım, kalibrasyonunun ve diğer tıbbi teknolojilerin yönetilmesini kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmada tıbbi cihaz bakım, onarım ve kalibrasyon prosedürlerinin uygulanması hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Yeni kurulan mega şehir hastaneleri için bir biyomedikal kalibrasyon hizmeti üretme modeli tasarlanmıştır. Çok yüksek yatak kapasitesine sahip olacak şehir hastaneleri envanterinde oldukça fazla sayıda ve fazla çeşitte tıbbi cihaz bulunacaktır. Buna göre oluşturulan modelde tıbbi cihazların fazla ayrılmasından bahsedilmiştir. Ayrıca biyomedikal kalibrasyonda süreç planlama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kalibrasyon ve önleyici bakım bir arada değerlendirilerek yeni bir iş akış modeli önerilmiştir. Bunun yanında uluslararası izlenebilirlik için gerekli olan laboratuvar akreditasyonuna değinilmiştir. Şehir hastanelerine kazandırılacak olan tıbbi cihaz kalibratörleri için de ofset yatırım modeli incelenmiştir. Seçilen yatırım modelinin başarılı olabilmesi için tüm taraflara düşen acil eylemler tespit edilmiştir

The effect of physical activity on body composition and blood lipids after sleeve gastrectomy surgery in adult obese women – A one year longitudinal study

<p>Obesity is a global health problem that is increasing in prevalence and poses significant risks to the health of individuals. In recent years, bariatric surgery, especially sleeve gastrectomy, has become a widely adopted approach in the treatment of obesity. However, the role of post-operative physical activity, especially in women, has not been adequately studied. The aim of this study is to compare the body composition and blood lipid levels of adult obese women who do physical activity and those who do not for a year after bariatric surgery. Twenty-one women (PA group / non-PA group) participants with a sedentary lifestyle and a body mass index above 35 were included in the study. The PA group performed regular aerobic exercises, while the non-PA group maintained a sedentary lifestyle. Measurements were made in both groups preoperatively, at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The results showed that physical activity has a significant effect on body composition. Regarding blood lipid levels, physical activity contributed to significantly improvements in cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels over the 12-month period. However, no significant relationship was found between physical activity and high-density lipoprotein levels. In summary, this study highlights the beneficial effects of physical activity on body composition and some blood lipid parameters in women after sleeve gastrectomy.</p&gt