Analytical review of the technical preparation of elite athletes who specialize in Judo according to the results of the "World Championship – 2022"

Солодка, О. В. Аналітичний огляд технічної підготовленості елітних дзюдоїстів за підсумками «ЧС-2022» / Солодка О. В., Білобров В. М., Нестеров О. С. та ін. // Науковий часопис НПУ імені М. П. Драгоманова. Серія 15: Науково-педагогічні проблеми фізичної культури (фізична культура і спорт). - 2022. - Вип. 12(158). - С. 142-148. - DOI: 10.31392/NPU-nc.series15.2022.12(158).31.Надано аналіз техніко-тактичного арсеналу дзюдоїстів високої кваліфікації – чемпіонів та призерів чемпіонату світу 2022 року. Наголошено на модернізаці існуючих програм (педагогічних моделей, організаційно-педагогічних умов тощо) багаторічної підготовки дзюдоїстів (із урахуванням етапів їхньої багаторічної підготовки), які повинні передбачати: вивчення тренерами та спортсменами теоретичних положень діючих правил дзюдо (із відповідними нововведеннями); впровадження у навчально-тренувальний процес дзюдоїстів сучасних та ефективних засобів фізичної та спеціальної-фізичної підготовленості; організацію системи фізичної терапії (ерготерапії) дзюдоїстів із залученням відповідних фахівців; оптимізацію показників техніко-тактичної підготовленості спортсменів; удосконалення активності та ефективності змагальних дій; удосконалення підсистеми біохімічного контролю.According to the results of the analysis of the scientific and methodological, special and reference literature, the members of the research group established, that the issue of qualitative and quantitative analysis of indicators of technical and tactical preparedness of highly qualified athletes who specialize in judo (wrestling sports) is dedicated to the insufficient number of scientific and methodological works, which requires further research and emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen direction of scientific research. The main goal of the study is to analyze the technical and tactical arsenal of highly qualified judokas – the champions and medalists of the 2022 World Championship. The following methods were used during the theoretical research: abstraction, measurement, expert evaluation, survey, comparison, observation, etc. As a result of a theoretical study, the members of the scientific research group conducted an analysis of the technical and tactical arsenal of highly qualified judokas - champions and medalists of the 2022 World Championship (Tashkent, Uzbekistan). Analyzing the results of the theoretical research, it is advisable to modernize the existing programs (pedagogical models, organizational and pedagogical conditions, etc.) of long-term training of judokas (taking into account the stages of their long-term training), which should provide for: study by coaches and athletes of the theoretical provisions of the current rules of judo (with relevant innovations); introduction of modern and effective means of physical and special physical preparation into the educational and training process of judokas; organization of a system of physical therapy (ergotherapy) for judokas with the involvement of relevant specialists; optimization of indicators of technical and tactical preparedness of sportsmen; improvement of activity and efficiency of competitive actions; improvement of the subsystem of biochemical control, etc. The results of the research are incorporated into the system of long-term training of athletes who specialize in judo in the Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kharkiv regions. Prospects for further research in the chosen field of scientific research include an analytical review of the technical and tactical preparedness of highly qualified female athletes who specialize in judo wrestling based on the results of their performance at the 2022 World Championship.Представлен анализ технико-тактического арсенала дзюдоистов высокой квалификации – чемпионов и призеров чемпионата мира 2022 года. Предложена модернизация существующих программ (педагогических моделей, организационно-педагогических условий и т.п.) многолетней подготовки дзюдоистов (с учетом этапов их многолетней подготовки), которые должны предусматривать: изучение тренерами и спортсменами теоретических положений действующих правил дзюдо (с соответствующими нововведениями); внедрение в учебно-тренировочный процесс дзюдоистов современных и эффективных средств физической и специально-физической подготовленности; организацию системы физической терапии (эрготерапии) дзюдоистов с привлечением соответствующих специалистов; оптимизацию показателей технико-тактической подготовленности спортсменов; усовершенствование активности и эффективности соревновательных действий; усовершенствование подсистемы биохимического контроля

Results, meta-analysis and a first evaluation of UNOxR, the urinary nitrate-to-nitrite molar ratio, as a measure of nitrite reabsorption in experimental and clinical settings

We recently found that renal carbonic anhydrase (CA) is involved in the reabsorption of inorganic nitrite (NO2−), an abundant reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) in tissues and cells. Impaired NO synthesis in the endothelium and decreased NO bioavailability in the circulation are considered major contributors to the development and progression of renal and cardiovascular diseases in different conditions including diabetes. Isolated human and bovine erythrocytic CAII and CAIV can convert nitrite to nitrous acid (HONO) and its anhydride N2O3 which, in the presence of thiols (RSH), are further converted to S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) and NO. Thus, CA may be responsible both for the homeostasis of nitrite and for its bioactivation to RSNO/NO. We hypothesized that enhanced excretion of nitrite in the urine may contribute to NO-related dysfunctions in the renal and cardiovascular systems, and proposed the urinary nitrate-to-nitrite molar ratio, i.e., UNOxR, as a measure of renal CA-dependent excretion of nitrite. Based on results from clinical and experimental animal studies, here, we report on a first evaluation of UNOxR. We determined UNOxR values in preterm neonates, healthy children, and adults, in children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), in elderly subjects suffering from chronic rheumatic diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), or peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). We also determined UNOxR values in healthy young men who ingested isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN), or inorganic nitrate. In addition, we tested the utility of UNOxR in two animal models, i.e., the LEW.1AR1-iddm rat, an animal model of human T1DM, and the APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, a model of human dyslipidemia. Mean UNOxR values were lower in adult patients with rheumatic diseases (187) and in T2DM patients of the DALI study (74) as compared to healthy elderly adults (660) and healthy young men (1500). The intra- and inter-variabilities of UNOxR were of the order of 50% in young and elderly healthy subjects. UNOxR values were lower in black compared to white boys (314 vs. 483, P = 0.007), which is in line with reported lower NO bioavailability in black ethnicity. Mean UNOxR values were lower in DMD (424) compared to healthy (730) children, but they were higher in T1DM children (1192). ISDN (3 × 30 mg) decreased stronger UNOxR compared to PETN (3 × 80 mg) after 1 day (P = 0.046) and after 5 days (P = 0.0016) of oral administration of therapeutically equivalent doses. In healthy young men who ingested NaNO3 (0.1 mmol/kg/d), UNOxR was higher than in those who ingested the same dose of NaCl (1709 vs. 369). In LEW.1AR1-iddm rats, mean UNOxR values were lower than in healthy rats (198 vs. 308) and comparable to those in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice (151)