COST-DEPENDENT ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION AS A TOOL OF RISK MANAGEMENT OF NON-PAYMENT FOR ELECTRIC ENERGY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

The growth of indebtedness of industrial enterprises operating in conditions of economic instability for consumed electricity and the sanctions imposed by the energy supplying organizations for late payments, determine the urgency of the problem of managing the risks of non-payment for energy from industrial enterprises. The article is devoted to the description of the method developed by the authors for managing the risks of non-payment of industrial enterprises for consumed electricity, based on the principles of price-dependent electricity consumption. Based on the study of the mechanism of formation of the cost of electricity purchased by industrial enterprises in the wholesale and retail electricity markets, special methods were proposed to control each component of the cost of electricity: electrical energy, electrical power, electricity transmission services. It justifies the need to develop options for operating modes of industrial equipment, such as nominal load mode, load limiting mode, technological minimum load, in order to effectively implement and use price-dependent power consumption in crisis conditions.Modeling scenarios of price-dependent demand management for power consumption is made on the example of a machine-building enterprise and the calculation and component-wise analysis of the economic effect of price-dependent management and the factors influencing its formation are carried out. The developed method allows you to effectively manage the risks of non-payment of industrial enterprises for electricity, as well as minimize the risks of restricting the supply of electricity to industrial facilities and disruptions in the operation of industrial equipment

The effect of starter cultures on the qualitative indicators of dry fermented sausages made from poultry meat

ArticleChanges in physicochemical, rheological and microbiological properties occurring throughout the ripening (on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28) of dry fermented sausages made from poultry meat were studied. The effect of starter bacteria on the microstructure and sensory attributes of dry fermented sausages has also been determined. The results of physicochemical analysis of dry fermented sausage shows no significant difference (P 0.05) between the control and inoculated batches in lowering the pH level, changing the critical shear stress, growth of viable microorganisms, accumulation of amine nitrogen during ripening was established. The results show, that inculcation of starter cultures accelerates biochemical processes during fermentation and thereby provides the necessary functional and technological properties of minced meat. Sensory profiling showed a more significant (P < 0.05) acidic and spicy flavour and intensity of acidic and smoked meat aroma; and increased firmness and cohesiveness in inoculated sausage. The results of microstructural analysis showed that the dry fermented sausages that ripened with the starter bacteria (Lactobacillus curvatus, Staphylococcus carnosus, Pediococcus pentosaceus), differ from the control sample compacted as a thin surface layer which is formed during the drying, smoking and maturation, and that indicates more uniform moisture removal

ЦЕНОЗАВИСИМОЕ ЭЛЕКТРОПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РИСКАМИ НЕПЛАТЕЖЕЙ ЗА ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИЮ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

The growth of indebtedness of industrial enterprises operating in conditions of economic instability for consumed electricity and the sanctions imposed by the energy supplying organizations for late payments, determine the urgency of the problem of managing the risks of non-payment for energy from industrial enterprises. The article is devoted to the description of the method developed by the authors for managing the risks of non-payment of industrial enterprises for consumed electricity, based on the principles of price-dependent electricity consumption. Based on the study of the mechanism of formation of the cost of electricity purchased by industrial enterprises in the wholesale and retail electricity markets, special methods were proposed to control each component of the cost of electricity: electrical energy, electrical power, electricity transmission services. It justifies the need to develop options for operating modes of industrial equipment, such as nominal load mode, load limiting mode, technological minimum load, in order to effectively implement and use price-dependent power consumption in crisis conditions.Modeling scenarios of price-dependent demand management for power consumption is made on the example of a machine-building enterprise and the calculation and component-wise analysis of the economic effect of price-dependent management and the factors influencing its formation are carried out. The developed method allows you to effectively manage the risks of non-payment of industrial enterprises for electricity, as well as minimize the risks of restricting the supply of electricity to industrial facilities and disruptions in the operation of industrial equipment.Рост задолженности промышленных предприятий, функционирующих в условиях экономической нестабильности за потребляемую электроэнергию, и санкции, налагаемые энергоснабжающими организациями за несвоевременные платежи, обуславливают актуальность проблемы управления рисками неплатежей за энергоресурсы со стороны промышленных предприятий. Статья посвящена описанию разработанного авторами метода управления рисками неплатежей промышленных предприятий за потребленную электроэнергию, основанного на принципах ценозависимого электропотребления. Опираясь на исследование механизма формирования стоимости электроэнергии, закупаемой промышленными предприятиями на оптовом и розничном рынках электроэнергии, были предложены специальные методы управления каждым компонентом стоимости электроэнергии: электрическая энергия, электрическая мощность, услуги по передаче электроэнергии. Обосновывается необходимость разработки вариантов режимов работы промышленного оборудования, таких, как номинальный режим нагрузки, режим ограничения нагрузки, технологический минимум нагрузки, с целью эффективного внедрения и использования ценозависимого электропотребления в кризисных условиях. Моделирование сценариев ценозависимого управления спросом на электропотребление выполнено на примере машиностроительного предприятия и осуществлен расчет и покомпонентный анализ экономического эффекта от ценозависимого управления и факторов, влияющих на его формирование. Разработанный метод позволяет эффективно управлять рисками неплатежей промышленных предприятий за электроэнергию, а также минимизировать риски ограничения подачи электроэнергии на производственные объекты и сбоев работы промышленного оборудования

Differentiated approach to correcting low vitamin D status in adolescent girls in Moscow

Introduction. The work is devoted to the study of vitamin D status in adolescent girls and the selection of adequate doses for its correction.Study objective. To study the dynamics of calcidiol concentration in the blood serum against vitamin D3 intake and evaluate the effectiveness of correcting doses of vitamin in adolescent girls from Moscow.Study design. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, randomized clinical study.Materials and methods. The study involved adolescent girls aged from 11 to 17 years (n = 218) from I-II health groups, with determined serum level of 25(OH)D. Participants were randomly assigned to the main and control groups. The adolescent girls in the study group received vitamin D3 tablets, and the control group received a placebo. Study duration was 6 months. The dose of vitamin D3 was dependent on baseline serum caLcidioL levels and ranged from 800 IU to 2000 IU. Vitamin D status was redetermined in the girls who completed the treatment (n = 192).Results. Initially, 96.4% of girls had a low vitamin D status, while vitamin D insufficiency was observed in 26.6%, deficiency in 57.8%, deep deficiency in 12%. The median level of 25(OH)D in the main group before taking the vitamin was 16.25 ng/ml, after taking - 24.1            ng/ml, in the control group - 17.9 and 11.4 ng/ml, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). In the main group, an increase in the content of the metabolite was observed in 94.9% of the subjects, the initially identified pronounced deficit was completely absent.Conclusions. A differentiated approach to prescribing different doses of cholecalciferon, depending on the baseline level of 25(OH)D, BMI and age, is an effective method for replenishing vitamin D deficiency in adolescents. The high probability of normalization of vitamin D status in certain age groups, mainly with the appointment of low corrective doses of cholecalciferol justifies the possibility of their use for 6 months or more in adolescents during puberty period

Features of cellular structure of the induced sputum and profile of cytokines at sintropiya of bronchial asthma and obesity at young patients

Aim. To estimate changes of cellular structure of the induced sputum at young patients with bronchial asthma at interrelations with BMI and level of cytokines in blood plasma. Materials and methods. 164 patients with bronchial asthma were divided into 2 groups taking into BMI: the 1st group included patients with bronchial asthma and BMI from 18 to 25 kg/m2, patients with bronchial asthma and BMI from 30 to 40 kg/m2 entered into the 2nd group. The group of control was made by 40 almost healthy volunteers. Estimated existence of excess weight and defined obesity degree according to recommendations of World Health Organization. Studied the level of control of bronchial asthma, cellular structure of the induced sputum, the IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, TNF-α, INF-γ levels in plasma of peripheral blood. Results. There are presented the results of the research of cellular profile of the induced sputum and profile of cytokines at patients with bronchial asthma depending on BMI and severity of the disease. The received results testify to prevalence of eosinophilic type of an inflammation in the group of patients with BMI less than 25 kg/m2 whereas at patients mainly paucigranulation inflammation decided on obesity. The highest content of the Il-17 was registered at patients with bronchial asthma and obesity as in comparison with indicators of patients with normal BMI, and with almost healthy that, perhaps, is the reason of low effect of steroid therapy at these patients. Conclusion. Endotype assessment before basic antiinflammatory therapy at patients with the first time diagnosed bronchial asthma, will be able to help with selection of the most optimum treatment to each specific patient

Interfacial adsorption and stripping of ions as a reason of stimuli responsive luminescence of Tb-doped silica nanoparticles

Herein we introduce the "on-off-on" switching of Tb-centered luminescence as a result of reversible adsorption of Fe III ions at the silica/water interface of Tb-doped silica nanoparticles and the stripping effect of anions. The interfacial adsorption of Fe III ions results in the charge neutralization and aggregation of Tb-doped silica nanoparticles, accompanied by significant quenching of Tb-centered luminescence. The analysis of the steady state and time resolved quenching measurements reveals both static and dynamic quenching mechanisms. The addition of EDTA and some phosphates, including ATP results in the deaggregation of nanoparticles due to the complex formation with Fe III ions and following stripping of FeIII ions from the silica surface. The "off-on" switching of Tb-centered luminescence resulted from the stripping effect of biorelevant phosphates is a good basis for further bioanalytical application. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Novel highly charged silica-coated Tb(III) nanoparticles with fluorescent properties sensitive to ion exchange and energy transfer processes in aqueous dispersions

Novel silica-coated Tb(III) nanoparticles with high luminecsence were synthesized using the reverse microemulsion procedure. The quenching of luminescent properties of these nanoparticles can be achieved by ion exchange and energy transfer mechanisms. The quenching through the ion exchange of Tb(III) by H+ or La(III) is time dependent, indicating that the ion exchange is probably diffusion controlled. The quenching by Co(III) complex cations is achieved by the energy transfer mechanism and thus is not time dependent. The analysis of quenching data in Stern-Volmer cooordinates reveal the negative charge of the silica-coated Tb(III)-TCAS nanoparticles and several types of luminophoric species, located within the core and close to the surface of silica nanoparticles. © Copyright 2009 American Chemical Society

Solution behavior of mixed systems based on novel amphiphilic cyclophanes and Triton X100: Aggregation, cloud point phenomenon and cloud point extraction of lanthanide ions

Aggregation and cloud point (CP) behavior, as well as CP extraction of lanthanide ions have been studied for novel non-ionic cyclophanic surfactants with the varied length of polyoxyethylene and hydrophobic moieties (CnEm) based on calix[4]arene platform in their mixtures with Triton X100 (TX100). The dynamic light scattering data reveal the contribution of the large size lamellar or stack like mixed aggregates in CnEm-TX100 solutions. Aggregation and CP behavior of TX100-CnEm mixed solutions are quite different from those of conventional non-ionic surfactants. The effect of the hydrophobic substituents and polyoxyethylene chains length of CnEm on the CP extraction of La(III), Gd(III) and Lu(III) in the mixed TX100-CnEm micellar solutions is discussed in the correlation with their aggregation and cloud point behavior. The obtained data elucidate the cyclophanic structure of CnEm as the key reason of the formation of large lamellar-like aggregates with TX100, exhibiting the unusual CP behavior and CPE efficiency. © 2010 Elsevier Inc

Amphiphiles with polyethyleneoxide-polyethylenecarbonate chains for hydrophilic coating of iron oxide cores, loading by Gd(III) ions and tuning R2/R1 ratio

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. The present work is aimed at the synthesis of hydrophilic colloids with convenient transverse and longitudinal NMR-relaxation times. Core-shell morphology with iron oxide cores and hydrophilic shell enriched by Gd(III) ions is the basis for the colloids with dual-mode relaxivities. Polyethyleneoxide-polyethylenecarbonate derivatives of p-tert-butylphenols are introduced as amphiphiles for efficient hydrophilization of oleate-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles. The obtained results reveal the easy variation of the synthetic conditions as the route to switch from the recoating to the dissolution of the oleate-stabilized iron-oxide nanoparticles. The length of ethylenecarbonate chains is highlighted as the factor affecting the transverse relaxivity (R2) and the colloid properties of the synthesized colloids, evaluated from DLS data. The complex ability of ethylenecarbonate chains is the reason for loading of the synthesized colloids by Gd(III) ions in aqueous dispersions at specific conditions. These conditions are introduced herein as a route of gaining in longitudinal relaxivity (R1) and tuning R2/R1 ratio

Apolipoprotein A-I inhibits the increased activities of chitotriosidase and β-glucosaminidase in the liver of mice with BCG-induced tuberculosis inflammation

The aim of the investigation was to study the activity of lysosomal chitinases (chitotriosidase and β-glucosaminidase) in the liver of mice using a model of BCG-induced tuberculous inflammation after intravenous administration of apolipoprotein A-I. Material and methods. The study was carried out on male CBA mice weighing 20–22 g. Disseminated tuberculous inflammation was modeled by a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg of BCG vaccine. The activity of chitinases was determined using fluorescent substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-N,N′,N′′-triacetylchitotrioside and 4-methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide. Results and discussion. BCG-infection of animals after 4 weeks caused a significant increase in the activity of endogenous chitinases in comparison with the control group: chitotriosidase – 3.05 times (p <0.001), β-glucosaminidase – 1.76 times (p <0.01). Intravenous administration of apolipoprotein A-I to animals against the background of BCG infection inhibited the increased enzyme activity, values did not significantly differ from the control values. Conclusions. The results of these studies indicate the ability of apolipoprotein A-I to reduce the increased activity of endogenous lysosomal chitinases in the liver of mice with BCG-induced tuberculous inflammation