Investigation of the Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa Oil in Cisplatin Induced Oral Mucositis: An Experimental Study

Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the histopathologic effect of Nigella Sativa oil (NSO) on cisplatin (Cis) induced oral mucositis (OM) in rats.Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four equal groups. The animals in Group 1 and Group 2 were given 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) Cis systemically on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days of the study. Additionally, 15 mL NSO were given to the rats in Group 2, with gavage feeding on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. The animals in Group 3 were given per oral 15 ml NSO on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. As the control group, Group 4 received a total of 15 mL 0.9% saline solution divided into 5 doses on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 by oral gavage. On the 14th day, animals were euthanized and buccal mucosa from both sides, including submucosal tissues, were excised and taken to histopathological examination.Results: The mean mucosal thicknesses of the groups were 224.58 μm, 276.1 μm, 323.33 μm, and 331.33 μm, respectively for Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 (p0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, NSO, for which anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have been shown in previous studies, may also be effective in preventing Cis-induced OM

İleri yaş gebeliklerde amniyosenteze yaklaşım

Aim: To determine the rates of amniocentesis indications and karyotype results of the five-year data in our center and to evaluate the approach to amniocentesis in pregnancies with advanced age. Material and Method: Between 2008 and 2012, 307 cases of amniocentesis were evaluated retrospectively. Indications were classified as advanced maternal age, increased risk on screening test, advanced maternal age with increased risk on screening test, abnormal ultrasound findings, and others. Cytogenetic findings were classified as normal and abnormal. Maternal age was also classified as older than 35 years old and others. the relation of abnormal karyotype with indications and age was analyzed by chi-square test. Results: Increased risk on screening test (37.8%), advanced maternal age (32.6%), advanced maternal age and the positive screening test (20.8%) were the indications. Cell culture was not successful in 4 cases. Abnormal karyotype was detected in the 26(8.5%) of 303 patients. the frequency of anomalies was not different in terms of the maternal age and the indications. However, in the group with advanced maternal age and increased risk screening test, the detection rate of trisomy 21 was higher. Conclusion: in the course of amniocentesis decision in advanced age pregnancies; the use of ultrasound and biochemical diagnostic methods increases the potential for detection of anomaly. Patients should be illuminated enough about it, and all the facilities of medicine should be used when deciding on the indication.Amaç: Merkezimizdeki beş yıllık amniyosentez verilerinden yola çıkarak endikasyonlara ve yaşa göre anomali dağılımını incelemek. İleri yaş gebeliklerde amniyosenteze yaklaşımı irdelemek. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2008-2012 tarihleri arasında amniyosentez uygulanmış 307 olgu retrospektif değerlendirildi. Endikasyonlar; ileri maternal yaş, tarama testinde risk artışı, ileri maternal yaş ve tarama testinde risk artışı, anormal ultrason bulguları ve diğerleri şeklinde sınıflandı. Sitogenetik bulgular, normal ve anormal olarak sınıflandı. Normal varyasyonlar, normal grubunda değerlendirildi. Anne yaşı ayrıca 35 yaş altı ve 35 yaş ve üstü olarak sınıflandı. Anormal karyotip sonuçları ile endikasyon ve yaş arasındadaki ilişki ki- kare testi ile incelendi. Bulgular: Tarama testinde risk artışı( %37.8), ileri maternal yaş (%32.6), ileri maternal yaş ve tarama testinde risk artışı (%20.8) izlenen endikasyonlardı. Dört olguda kültürde üreme olmadı. Değerlendirmeye alınan 303 olgunun 26 sında (%8.5) anormal karyotip tespit edildi. Otuzbeş yaş altı ve üstünde anomali sıklığı; ve endikasyonlara göre kromozom anomalisi yakalama oranları benzerdi. Ancak, ileri maternal yaş ve tarama testinde risk artışı olan grupta trizomi 21 yakalama oranının daha fazla olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: İleri yaş gebeliklerde amniyosentez kararı verirken; biyokimyasal tanı yöntemleri ve ultrasonografinin kullanılması, anomali yakalama oranını artıracaktır. Hastalar bu konuda yeterli aydınlatılmalı ve karar verirken tıbbın tüm olanakları kullanılmalıdır

The new concrete

The New Concrete is a long-overdue survey of the rise of concrete poetry in the digital age. The accessibility of digital text and image manipulation, modern print techniques and the rise of self-publishing have invigorated a movement that first emerged in an explosion of literary creativity during the 1950s and 1960s. This new volume is a highly illustrated overview of contemporary artists and poets working at the intersection of visual art and literature, producing some of the most engaging and challenging work in either medium. Featuring an introductory essay by renowned American poet Kenneth Goldsmith and edited by celebrated poets Victoria Bean and Chris McCabe, The New Concrete is an indispensable introduction to the breadth of concrete poetry being produced today. Edited by Victoria Bean and Chris McCabe, with an essay by Kenneth Goldsmit