Phosphine Resistance in Turkish Populations of Sitophilus oryzae (L., 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

In this study, the status of phosphine resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.,1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations collected from Sanliurfa, Adana and Kahramanmara province in Turkey were investigated by conducting the discriminating concentration tests and the concentration-mortality bioassays. Low (0.04 mg/L) and high (0.20 mg/L) discriminating concentration tests indicated that there was phosphine resistance of S. oryzae. The survival rates of field population of S. oryzae in Sanliurfa, Adana and Kahramanmara ranged from 0 to 99%, 0 to 90% and 0 to 89% at the low discriminating concentration while it ranged from 0 to 83%, 0 to 46.5% and 0 to 28.5% at the high discriminating concentration respectively. Based on 50% mortality level (LC50), the Sanliurfa 4, Adana 7 and Kahramanmara 8 populations were 57.5, 28.9, and 16.3 times more resistant, respectively, than the susceptible population (Kahramanmara 4). In conclusion, this study revealed that phosphine resistance in S. oryzae is high in the examined areas of Turkey and some populations have levels of resistance that may pose challenges to the continued use of phosphine for their management

Yerel Diatomit Topraklarının Kokusuz Toz Sarımsak İle Karışımının Kırma Biti, Tribolium confusum du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)’ne Karşı Etkinliği

Bu çalışmada iki yerel diatomit toprağı preparatının (Detech® ve Demite®) tek başına ve bunların kokusuz sarımsak tozuyla belli oranlardaki karışımlarının Kırma Biti, Tribolium confusum du Val. Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)’ne karşı etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla buğday üzerinde 25±1 ?C sıcaklık ve % 65±5 nispi nem ortamında tek başına iki yerel diatomit topraklarının ve bunların kokusuz sarımsak tozuyla karışımlarının 600, 900 ve 1500 ppm (mg DE/kg ürün) konsantrasyonlarda 7 ve 14 gün süreyle biyolojik testler yürütülmüştür. Mevcut çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre buğday üzerinde tek başına Demite® ve Detech® diatomit toprağı uygulamaları ile Demite® ve Detech® diatomit toprağı ile kokusuz sarımsak karışımlarının (E3, E4, E5 ve E6) test edilen böceklere karşı etkinlikleri uygulama konsantrasyonuna ve süresine göre önemli farklılıklar gösterdiği görülmüştür. Düşük konsantrasyonda (600 ppm) genel olarak Demite® ve Detech® diatomit toprakların kokusuz sarımsak karışımlarının (E5 ve E6) T. confusum erginlerine karşı etkinliklerinin tek başına Demite® diatomit toprağı uygulamasına göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada düşük konsantrasyonda Demite® ve Detech® diatomit toprağı uygulamasına kokusuz sarımsak eklemesinin T. confusum erginlerine karşı etkinliğin artmasına neden olduğu, dolayısıyla bu iki ticari yerel diatomit toprağı ile kokusuz sarımsak karışımlarının düşük konsantrasyonlarda (<900 ppm) T. confusm’un kontrolünde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır

Insecticidal Effect of a Natural Turkish Diatomaceous Earth Formulation on Greater Wax Moth

In this study, the insecticidal effect of the Detech® (Turkish Diatomaceous earth) DE formulation against Galleria mellonella L. was determined. The study was conducted in a laboratory environment with materials taken from beehives produced at Muş Alparslan University in 2022. Diatomaceous earth (DE) was applied in two different forms (dust and slurry DE) and as positive control GüveSavar®, which is currently used against some pests in beekeeping. DE concentrations of 0, 3, 5, and 7 g/m2 in different exposure times were tested for the control of G. mellonella larvae. As a result of all treatments, the highest mortality occurred at 7 g/m2 dust DE concentration. Larvae (3rd stage) exposed to 7 g/m2 concentration according to dust DE mortality rates reached 100% mortality after 40 hours. According to the results of the slurry DE, the larvae exposed to the slurry diatom at all concentrations achieved 100% mortality at the end of the 96 hours. When the dust and slurry DE results were examined, the direct use of dust formulations greatly accelerated the effectiveness against larvae. The study showed very promising results, suggesting that slurry DE and dust formulations could be a new alternative control method for Greater Wax Moth. In addition, for the first time, the insecticidal efficacy of DE against the honey bee pest, the greater wax moth, was determined

Preliminary Checking of Some Turkish Diatomaceous Earth Similarities with Commercial Diatomaceous Earths under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Diatoms are dead bodies of unicellular algae’s and made up of fossilized diatoms in aquatic ecosystems. Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a dust varying in color depending on composition, from white-grey to yellow to red and active ingredient is amorphous silicon dioxide. DEs are commonly used for purification of water, the purification of juices, separation of various oils and chemicals and also used as an insecticide. Mode of action as insecticide which damage occurs to the insects protective wax coat on the cuticle, mostly by sorption and to a lesser degree by abrasion, or both. The result is the loss of water from the insect's body through desiccation resulting in death. The efficacy of DE against insects depends on different physical and morphological characteristics of the diatoms. In present study, image properties of 10 different Turkish DE samples under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were checked and compared similarities with commercial DEs, namely Protector, SilicoSec, Insecto and Pyrisec. SEM image analysis indicated that there were variations in shape and size of dead bodies of diatoms in Turkish and commercial DEs. The shapes of dead bodies of diatoms in Turkish local DE’s named as CBN and BGN were found very similar with those in commercial DE, Silicosec. Local DE coded as DC has a round shape and looks similar to commercial DE of Pyrisec while local DE coded as CAN has triangle shape and its shape was different from those of all other DE samples

Efficacy of Spinetoram for the Control of Bean Weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Different Surfaces

Simple Summary Contact toxicity of spinetoram on three different surfaces, concrete, ceramic floor tile and laminate flooring, against Acanthocelides obtectus (Say.) was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Our results provide data on the insecticidal effect of spinetoram for the control of A. obtectus on various surfaces; however, its efficacy varies according to the surface type, exposure time and concentration. In conclusion, our laboratory tests indicated that spinetoram at 0.025 and 0.05 mg active ingredient (AI)/cm(2) achieved satisfactory control at relatively short exposures by contact action of A. obtectus adults on three surfaces, commonly encountered in legume storage facilities and warehouses. In this study, the contact toxicity of spinetoram on three different surfaces, concrete, ceramic floor tile and laminate flooring, against Acanthocelides obtectus (Say.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Different concentrations were evaluated ranging from 0.0025 to 0.05 mg AI/cm(2), against adults of A. obtectus. Adult mortality was measured after 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-day exposure. After 1-day exposure, the mortality was low on all surfaces, ranging from 0 to 27.2%. After 5- and 7-day exposure, spinetoram at concentrations of 0.01 mg/cm(2) and above achieved 100% or close mortality on concrete and laminate flooring surface, whereas low concentrations (0.0025, 0.005 and 0.0075 mg AI/cm(2)) resulted in significantly lower mortality levels, ranging from 1.6 to 30.8%, than high concentrations. In the case of ceramic floor tile surface, spinetoram treatments at all tested concentrations did not result in 100% mortality. Significant differences were recorded among the surfaces, depending on concentrations and exposure intervals. After 3-, 5- and 7-day exposure, mortality levels on ceramic floor tile surface were generally higher at low concentrations than those on the concrete and laminate flooring surfaces, whereas those on concrete and laminate flooring surfaces were significantly higher at high concentrations than ceramic floor tile surface. These results indicate that spinetoram at 0.025 and 0.05 mg AI/cm(2) achieve satisfactory control at relatively short exposures on common types of surfaces and thus can be used as an effective insecticide against A. obtectus

Determination of Residual Toxicity of Spinetoram against Cowpea Weevil, (Callasobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchninae)

In the present study, determination of residual toxicity of Spinetoram solution efficacy was evaluated on chickpeas against adult of Callasobruchus maculatus (F.) under laboratory condition. In laboratory bioassay, C. maculatus adults on chickpeas were exposed to Spinetoram 6, 12, 24, 48 and 60 ppm (mg active substance/l water) concentrations during 1,3,5 and 7 days. %100 paralyze and mortality rate of C. maculatus adults were recorded on surface treated chickpeas by Spinetoram at 48 ppm day of 5 and above concentration (60 ppm) day of 3. Spinetoram LC50, LC90, LC99 values of C. maculatus adults 3.177, 45.230, 79.514 ppm were recorded respectively. At Spinetoram concentrations of 48 and 60 ppm progeny production was less than 3 and 1 adult respectively while at 6, 12 and 24 ppm concentrations progeny production was 29, 13 and 5 adults. In conclusion, this bioassay showed potential ability to use of Spinetoram treatment as a solution on stored products against major stored leguminocae pest C. maculatus was revealed and to be an alternative for conventional synthetic insecticides. © 2019 Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All rights reserved

Spinetoram’ın Börülce Tohum Böceği, Callasobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)’a Karşı Rezidüel Toksisitesinin Belirlenmesi

In the present study, determination of residual toxicity of Spinetoram solution efficacy was evaluated on chickpeas against adult of Callasobruchus maculatus (F.) under laboratory condition. In laboratory bioassay, C. maculatus adults on chickpeas were exposed to Spinetoram 6, 12, 24, 48 and 60 ppm (mg active substance/l water) concentrations during 1,3,5 and 7 days. %100 paralyze and mortality rate of C. maculatus adults were recorded on surface treated chickpeas by Spinetoram at 48 ppm day of 5 and above concentration (60 ppm) day of 3. Spinetoram LC50, LC90, LC99 values of C. maculatus adults 3.177, 45.230, 79.514 ppm were recorded respectively. At Spinetoram concentrations of 48 and 60 ppm progeny production was less than 3 and 1 adult respectively while at 6, 12 and 24 ppm concentrations progeny production was 29, 13 and 5 adults. In conclusion, this bioassay showed potential ability to use of Spinetoram treatment as a solution on stored products against major stored leguminocae pest C. maculatus was revealed and to be an alternative for conventional synthetic insecticides. © 2019 Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All rights reserved

Yerel diatomit topraklarının depolanmış tahıl zararlılarına karşı insektisidal etkinliği üzerine sıcaklığın etkisi]

A study was conducted in 2017 in Entomology Laboratory of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University to determine effect of temperature on insecticidal efficacy of local diatomaceous earth (DE), collected from Turkey, against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L., 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val., 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Bioassays were performed at three temperatures (20, 25 and 30ºC) and 55% RH on wheat treated with 0, 100, 300, 500, 900 and 1500 ppm (mg DE/kg grain) concentrations of local DE. Temperature had significant effect on insecticidal efficacy of local DE against the tested stored-grain insects. The effect of temperature on the insecticidal efficacy of local DE varied with insect species and concentration. Mortality of S. oryzae and T. confusum adults generally increased with increasing temperature and mortality at 30ºC was significantly higher than at 20 and 25ºC. However, for R. dominica adults treated with local DE, mortality at 20ºC was significantly higher than at 25 and 30ºC. The results indicated that complete mortality of T. confusum and S. oryzae can be achieved at lower concentrations ranging from 500 to 900 ppm. In conclusion, local DE formulation (ACN-1) has potential to be used for control of stored-grain insects. © 2019 Entomological Society of Turkey. All rights reserved.This study was presented as an oral presentation at the 170th International Conference on Food and Agricultural Engineering (ICFAE) (10-11 April, 2017, Pattaya, Thailand) and published as an abstract in the abstract book

INSECTICIDAL EFFICACY OF TURKISH NOVEL DIATOMACEOUS EARTH FORMULATIONS AGAINST COWPEA WEEVIL Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (COLEOPTERA:CHRYSOMELIDAE:BRUCHNINAE) ON CHICKPEA

In present study, insecticidal efficacy of two newly developed Turkish diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations, Detech (R) and Demite (R), and commercial formulation, Silicosec (R) was tested against cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchninae) adults on chickpea. Biological tests were performed under laboratory conditions (26 +/- 1 degrees C and 65 +/- 5 % r.h.), by exposing 24 h old adults to chickpea grains treated with Detech (R), Demite (R) and Silicosec (R) at six concentrations (500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 mg DE/kg grain) and an untreated control. Adult mortality was assessed after 1, 3, 5 and 7 d of exposure, while number of F1 progeny was assessed after 42 d of DE treatments. Biological tests indicated that only Detech (R) achieved 100% mortality after 1 d of exposure at 2500 ppm, while Detech (R) Demite (R) achieved 100% mortality after 3 d of exposure at >= 1500 ppm and 2500 ppm respectively. Detech (R) achieved 100% mortality after 5 d of exposure at 750 ppm and above DE concentrations while Demite (R) resulted in the 100% mortality at >= 1000 ppm. The efficacy of tested DE formulations ranked in decreasing order of efficacy against C. maculatus: Detech (R)> Demite (R)>Silicosec (R). The complete progeny suppression of C. maculatus was achieved only with Detech (R) treatment at 2500 ppm, while Demite (R) and Silicosec (R) treatments at 2000 and 2500 ppm caused more than 98% progeny suppression. In conclusion, these results suggest that novel Turkish DE formulations, Detech (R) and Demite (R), which consists of a mixture of three DE deposits, consisted of different diatom Pustules has great potential for effectively use against C. maculatus in stored chickpea

Insecticidal and repellency effects of a Turkish diatomaceous earth formulation (Detech) on adults of three important pests of stored grain

In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted in order to assess the insecticidal and repellency effects of a novel Turkish diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation (Detech) on adults of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L., 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val., 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). For the insecticidal activity, bioassays were conducted with soft wheat treated with 0, 600 and 900 ppm of Detech at 25 ?? 1??C and 65 ?? 5% RH and progeny production was assessed after 45 days. For the repellency tests, two-choice tests on mono-layer wheat were conducted at 1,000 ppm of Detech at 25 ?? 1??C and 65 ?? 5% RH. Overall, Detech was effective against T. confusum and S. oryzae adults in wheat, causing 82% to 100% mortality at 600 and 900 ppm after 7 and 14 days exposure. The complete, or almost complete, progeny inhibition of S. oryzae were found at both concentrations, whereas the highest reduction in R. dominica progeny (84%) was obtained at 900 ppm. Detech was highly and moderately repellent to T. confusum and S. oryzae adults, respectively, whereas it had no or low repellency effect on R. dominica adults. In conclusion, Detech, which consists of a mixture of three DE deposits with different diatom frustules has potential for use against stored-grain insect pests as a promising grain protectant. Experiments were conducted in 2020-2021 in Entomology Laboratory of Tekirda?? Nam??k Kemal University and Kahramanmara?? S??t???? ??mam University