31,233 research outputs found
How a protein searches for its specific site on DNA: the role of intersegment transfer
Proteins are known to locate their specific targets on DNA up to two orders
of magnitude faster than predicted by the Smoluchowski three-dimensional
diffusion rate. One of the mechanisms proposed to resolve this discrepancy is
termed "intersegment transfer". Many proteins have two DNA binding sites and
can transfer from one DNA segment to another without dissociation to water. We
calculate the target search rate for such proteins in a dense globular DNA,
taking into account intersegment transfer working in conjunction with DNA
motion and protein sliding along DNA. We show that intersegment transfer plays
a very important role in cases where the protein spends most of its time
adsorbed on DNA.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Linking period and cohort life-expectancy linear increases in Gompertz proportional hazards models
In a Gompertz mortality model with constant yearly improvements at all ages, linear increases in period life expectancy correspond to linear increases in the respective cohort life expectancy. The link between the two measures can be given by a simple approximate relationship.cohort life expectancy, Gompertz mortality, Linear Shift Models, period life expectancy
Resonant scattering and recombination of pseudo-degenerate WIMPs
We consider the direct and indirect detection signatures of WIMPs \chi^0 in
kinematic regimes with a heavier, but nearly degenerate, charged state
\chi^{+-}. For small splittings of O(10) MeV, the scattering of WIMPs off
nuclei may be dominated by inelastic recombination processes mediated by the
formation of (\chi^- N) bound states, leading to a distinct signature for
direct detection. These cross-sections are bound primarily by limits on the
abundance of heavy isotopes, and may be considerably larger than the elastic
scattering cross section in more conventional models. If the mass splitting is
too large for recombination to occur, there may still be a significant resonant
enhancement of loop-induced electromagnetic form-factors of the WIMP, which can
enhance the elastic scattering cross-section. We also discuss how this regime
affects the annihilation cross-section and indirect detection signatures, and
note the possibility of a significant mono-energetic \gamma-signal, mediated by
resonant processes near the (\chi^+\chi^-) bound state threshold.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures; v2: typos corrected, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Enhancing entanglement detection of quantum optical frequency combs via stimulated emission
We investigate the performance of a certain nonclassicality identifier,
expressed via integrated second-order intensity moments of optical fields, in
revealing bipartite entanglement of quantum-optical frequency combs (QOFCs),
which are generated in both spontaneous and stimulated parametric
down-conversion processes. We show that, by utilizing that nonclassicality
identifier, one can well identify the entanglement of the QOFC directly from
the experimentally measured intensity moments without invoking any state
reconstruction techniques or homodyne detection. Moreover, we demonstrate that
the stimulated generation of the QOFC improves the entanglement detection of
these fields with the nonclassicality identifier. Additionally, we show that
the nonclassicality identifier can be expressed in a factorized form of
detectors quantum efficiencies and the number of modes, if the QOFC consists of
many copies of the same two-mode twin beam. As an example, we apply the
nonclassicality identifier to two specific types of QOFC, where: (i) the QOFC
consists of many independent two-mode twin beams with non-overlapped spatial
frequency modes, and (ii) the QOFC contains entangled spatial frequency modes
which are completely overlapped, i.e., each mode is entangled with all the
remaining modes in the system. We show that, in both cases, the nonclassicality
identifier can reveal bipartite entanglement of the QOFC including noise, and
that it becomes even more sensitive for the stimulated processes.Comment: 11 p., 8 fig
The symmetries of the Dirac--Pauli equation in two and three dimensions
We calculate all symmetries of the Dirac-Pauli equation in two-dimensional
and three-dimensional Euclidean space. Further, we use our results for an
investigation of the issue of zero mode degeneracy. We construct explicitly a
class of multiple zero modes with their gauge potentials.Comment: 22 pages, Latex. Final version as published in JMP. Contains an
additional subsection (4.2) with the explicit construction of multiple zero
mode
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