Patient selection flow chart.

<p>Patient selection flow chart.</p

Multivariate analysis of possible predictors of 2-year stroke recurrence.

<p>Multivariate analysis of possible predictors of 2-year stroke recurrence.</p

The presence and severity of cerebral small vessel disease increases the frequency of stroke in a cohort of patients with large artery occlusive disease

<div><p>Background</p><p>Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) commonly coexists with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA).</p><p>Aim</p><p>We evaluate the effect of SVD on stroke recurrence in patients for ischemic stroke with LAA.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We consecutively collected first-ever ischemic stroke patients who were classified as LAA mechanism between Jan 2010 and Dec 2013. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to evaluate the association between the 2-year recurrence and demographic, clinical, and radiological factors. To evaluate the impact of SVD and its components on recurrent stroke, we used the Kaplan-Meier analysis. SVD was defined as the presence of severe white matter hyperintensity (WMH) or old lacunar infarction (OLI) or cerebral microbleeds (CMB). We also compared frequency and burden of SVD among recurrent stroke groups with different mechanisms.</p><p>Results</p><p>Among a total of 956 participants, 92 patients had recurrent events. Recurrence group showed a higher frequency of severe WMH, OLI, asymptomatic territorial infarction, and severe stenosis on the relevant vessel in multivariate analysis. The impact of SVD and its components on recurrent stroke was significant in any ischemic recurrent stroke, and the presence of SVD was continuously important in stroke recurrence regardless of its mechanism, including recurrent LAA stroke, recurrent small vessel occlusion stroke, and even recurrent cardioembolic stroke. Additionally, the recurrence rate increased in dose-response manner with the increased number of SVD components.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Cerebral SVD is associated with recurrent stroke in patients with LAA. Additionally, it may affect any mechanisms of recurrent stroke and even with a dose response manner.</p></div

Baseline characteristics between with and without a 2-year stroke recurrence.

<p>Baseline characteristics between with and without a 2-year stroke recurrence.</p

Recurrent stroke with the number of components of small vessel disease.

<p>Number of components of small vessel disease showed a dose-response manner with 2-year recurrent stroke both in the Kaplan-Meier analysis (<i>P</i> < 0.001) (A) and univariate Cox regression analysis adjusted by survival time (<i>P</i> < 0.001) (B).</p

Recurrent stroke between with and without SVD, severe WMH, OLI, or CMB.

<p>Recurrent stroke rate was significantly higher in the group with small vessel disease (A) (<i>P</i> < 0.001), severe white matter hyperintensity (B) (<i>P</i> < 0.001), old lacunar infarction (C) (<i>P</i> < 0.001), or cerebral microbleeds (D) (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p

Baseline characteristics between with and without small vessel disease.

<p>Baseline characteristics between with and without small vessel disease.</p

Upgrades to the SPS-to-LHC Transfer Line Beam Stoppers for the LHC High-Luminosity Era

Each of the 3 km long transfer lines between the SPS and the LHC is equipped with two beam stoppers (TEDs), one at the beginning of the line and one close to the LHC injection point, which need to absorb the full transferred beam. The beam stoppers are used for setting up the SPS extractions and transfer lines with beam without having to inject into the LHC. Energy deposition and thermo-mechanical simulations have, however, shown that the TEDs will not be robust enough to safely absorb the high intensity beams foreseen for the high-luminosity LHC era. This paper will summarize the simulation results and limitations for upgrading the beam stoppers. An outline of the hardware upgrade strategy for the TEDs together with modifications to the SPS extraction interlock system to enforce intensity limitations for beam on the beam stoppers will be given

Incremental predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio for ischemic stroke incidence.

<p>Incremental predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio for ischemic stroke incidence.</p

Kaplan-Meier curves for ischemic stroke incidence by neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio levels.

<p>Compared to subjects with NLR<1.5, subjects with 2.5≤NLR<3.0, 3.0≤NLR<3.5, and NLR≥3.5 had elevated risk for ischemic stroke incidence with aHR (95% CI) of 1.76 (1.09–2.84), 2.21 (1.21–4.04), and 2.96 (1.57–5.58), respectively, adjusted for major cardiovascular risk factors. Log-rank test showed P<0.0001.</p