Baseline characteristics of the study populations.

<p>Baseline characteristics of the study populations.</p

Multivariate Cox regression analysis of mortality in study populations.

<p>Multivariate Cox regression analysis of mortality in study populations.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curve for mortality in (A) patients with 24 h-residual urine volume ≥100 ml (P = 0.764 by log-rank test) and in (B) patients with 24 h-residual urine volume <100 ml (P = 0.005 by log-rank test).

<p>Kaplan-Meier survival curve for mortality in (A) patients with 24 h-residual urine volume ≥100 ml (P = 0.764 by log-rank test) and in (B) patients with 24 h-residual urine volume <100 ml (P = 0.005 by log-rank test).</p

Causes of deaths in each group.

<p>Causes of deaths in each group.</p

Renal glomerular cell expression in the renal cortex of <i>db/m</i> and <i>db/db</i> mice with or without VEGFR1 inhibition.

<p>Representative WT-1 positive cell (podocyte marker), PECAM-1 (endothelial cell marker), TUNEL-positive cell (apoptotic cell marker), and Ki-67 positive cell (cell proliferation marker). And, the quantitative analyses of the immunohistochemical staining results are shown. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 compared with <i>db/m</i> mice groups.</p

Primers for Quantitative Real-Time PCR.

<p>Primers for Quantitative Real-Time PCR.</p

Phospho-Thr¹⁷² AMPK, total AMPK, PI3K level and activity, phospho-Ser⁴⁷³ Akt, total Akt, phospho-Ser⁴⁵³ FoxO3a, phospho-Ser¹¹⁷⁷ eNOS, total eNOS and SOD1, SOD2 expressions in the renal cortex and 24-h urinary NOx, 8-OH-dG concentrations of the <i>db/m</i> and <i>db/db</i> mice with or without VEGFR1 inhibition.

<p>(A to G) Representative Western blot analysis of the phospho-Thr¹⁷² AMPK, total AMPK, PI3K, phospho-Ser⁴⁷³ Akt, total Akt, phospho-Ser⁴⁵³ FoxO3a, phospho-Ser¹¹⁷⁷ eNOS, total eNOS and β-actin expression and the quantitative analyses of the results are shown. (L to N) Representative Western blot analysis of the SOD1, SOD2 and β-actin expression and the quantitative analyses of the results are shown. (H to K) Representative 24-h urinary NOx, 8-OH-dG concentrations of the results are shown. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 compared with <i>db/m</i> mice groups.</p

Renal glomerular extracellular matrix, nephrin expression and inflammation in the renal cortex of <i>db/m</i> and <i>db/db</i> mice with or without VEGFR1 inhibition.

<p>(A to E) Representative Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain and immunohistochemical staining for TGF-β1, Col IV and nephrin and quantitative analyses of the mesangial fractional area and the immunohistochemical staining are shown. (F to H) Representative immunohistochemical staining for osteopontin, F4/80 positive cell and the quantitative analyses of the immunohistochemical staining results are shown. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 and ^#<i>P</i><0.001 compared with <i>db/m</i> mice groups.</p

Biochemical and physical characteristics of all study groups.

<p>Abbreviations: Ccr; creatinine clearance, Cr; creatinine, FBS; fasting blood sugar.</p><p>*P<0.05,</p><p>**<i>P</i><0.01,</p>#<p><i>P</i><0.001 compared to other group.</p

VEGFR1 and R2 mRNA and protein expression in the renal cortex of the <i>db/m</i> and <i>db/db</i> mice at 12 weeks of the study.

<p>Representative real-time RT-PCR results. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 compared with db/m mice. (C) Representative and immunohistochemistry (×400). Representative immunohistochemical staining for VEGFR1 and -R2 and quantitative analyses of the immunohistochemical staining are shown.</p