Demographic characteristics of the study population.

<p>Demographic characteristics of the study population.</p

Vasomotor and physical menopausal symptoms are associated with sleep quality

<div><p>Background</p><p>Sleep disturbance is one of the common complaints in menopause. This study investigated the relationship between menopausal symptoms and sleep quality in middle-aged women.</p><p>Method</p><p>This cross-sectional observational study involved 634 women aged 44–56 years attending a healthcare center at Kangbuk Samsung Hospitals. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between Menopause-specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) scores and PSQI scores and Menopause-specific Quality of Life (MENQOL)scores.</p><p>Results</p><p>The mean PSQI score was 3.6±2.3, and the rates of poor sleep quality(PSQI score > 5) in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women were 14.4%, 18.2%, and 30.2%, respectively. Total PSQI score, specifically the sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency and sleep disturbances scores, were significantly increased in postmenopausal women. Multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, marital status, family income, education, employment status, parity, physical activity, depression symptoms, perceived stress and menopausal status showed that higher PSQI score was positively correlated with higher vasomotor(ß = 0.240, <i>P</i> = 0.020)and physical(ß = 0.572, <i>P</i><0.001) scores.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Vasomotor and physical menopause symptoms was related to poor sleep quality. Effective management strategies aimed at reducing menopausal symptoms may improve sleep quality among women around the time of menopause.</p></div

Total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and subscale scores according to menopausal status.

<p>Total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and subscale scores according to menopausal status.</p

Correlations between MENQOL subscale scores and PSQI (total and subscale) scores.

<p>Correlations between MENQOL subscale scores and PSQI (total and subscale) scores.</p

MOESM1 of Metabolic markers associated with insulin resistance predict type 2 diabetes in Koreans with normal blood pressure or prehypertension

Additional file 1. Quartiles of all variables, baseline characteristics according to diabetes status at follow-up and risk for incident diabetes by quartile of HOMA-IR

Study flow chart and analysis sets from the KoGES and KARE projects.

<p>Study flow chart and analysis sets from the KoGES and KARE projects.</p

The Role of Genetic Risk Score in Predicting the Risk of Hypertension in the Korean population: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

<div><p>Hypertension is regarded as a multifactorial disease with a modest contribution of genetic factors and strongly affected by environmental factors. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified specific loci associated with high blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. This study aimed to examine the association between the genetic risk score (GRS), a linear function of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with hypertension, and high BP and prevalent hypertension at baseline examination and to evaluate the efficacy of the GRS for predicting incident hypertension with longitudinal data in Korean subjects. Data for 8,556 participants, aged 40 to 69, in a community-based cohort study were analyzed. Unweighted GRS (cGRS) and weighted GRS (wGRS) were constructed from 4 SNPs related to high BP or hypertension in previous genome-wide association and its replication studies for the Korean middle-aged population. Cross-sectional analysis (n=8,556) revealed that cGRS was significantly associated with prevalent hypertension (odds ratio=1.15 per risk allele; 95%CI, 1.09-1.20). Additionally, the odds ratios (ORs) of prevalent hypertension for those who in medium and the highest tertile compared with those who in the lowest tertile of wGRS were 1.31 (95% CI, 1.15-1.50) and 1.59 (95%CI, 1.38-1.82), respectively. In a longitudinal analysis (n=5,632), participants in the highest tertile of wGRS had a 1.22-fold (OR=1.22, 95%CI, 1.02‒1.46) greater risk of incident hypertension relative to those in the lowest tertile, after adjusting for a number of confounding factors. However, wGRS topped with traditional risk factors had no significant effect on discrimination ability (c-statistics with and without wGRS were 0.811 and 0.810, P=0.1057). But, reclassification analysis showed that the addition of GRS to the model with conventional risk factors led to about 9% significant increment in category-free net reclassification improvement. GRSs based on 4 SNPs were independently associated with hypertension and may provide a statistically significant improvement over the existing model for prediction of incident hypertension.</p></div

Incidence per 1000 person-years of ischemic stroke after diagnosis of atrial fibrillation.

<p>Incidence per 1000 person-years of ischemic stroke after diagnosis of atrial fibrillation.</p

Risk of ischemic stroke after atrial fibrillation diagnosis: A national sample cohort - Fig 3

<p>Proportion of continuous warfarin therapy after atrial fibrillation diagnosis in (A) specific age subgroups and (B) CHA₂DS₂-VASc score subgroups.</p

Proportion of anticoagulation therapy (warfarin) in patients within 30 days after atrial fibrillation diagnosis in the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score subgroups.

<p>Proportion of anticoagulation therapy (warfarin) in patients within 30 days after atrial fibrillation diagnosis in the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score subgroups.</p