Multivariate analysis of CPCC or MAI for correlation with RFS using Cox proportional hazard regression model at two institutions.

<p>The co-variables of age at diagnosis (groups 1–5), T stage (T1, T2 or T3), N stage (N0, N1, N2 or N3), HER2 status (negative or positive), ER status (negative or positive), PR status (negative or positive), institution (KCCH or IIPH), and year of surgical resection (2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, or 2006) were used in the multivariate analysis, treating each co-variable as a categorical variable.</p>†<p><i>P</i> for linear trend.</p><p>KCCH  =  Korean Cancer Center Hospital; IIPH  =  Ilsan Inje Paik Hospital; CI  =  confidence interval.</p

Multivariate analysis of CPCC or MAI for correlation with RFS in breast cancer subgroups by Cox proportional hazard regression model.

<p>The co-variables of age at diagnosis (groups 1–5), T stage (T1, T2 or T3), N stage (N0, N1, N2 or N3), institution (KCCH or IIPH), and year of surgical resection (2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005 or 2006) were used in the multivariate analysis, treating each co-variable as a categorical variable.</p><p>*Luminal A subgroup: cases with hormone receptor (HR)-positive and HER2-negative status.</p><p>**HER2-positive subgroup: cases with HER2-positive status with or without HR positivity.</p><p>***Triple-negative subgroup (TN): HR-negative and HER2-negative status.</p>†<p><i>P</i> for linear trend.</p

Univariate analysis of clinicopathological factors for correlation with RFS.

<p>* KCCH  =  Korean Cancer Center Hospital; IIPH  =  Ilsan Inje Paik Hospital; CI  =  confidence interval; HER2  =  human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; ER  =  estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor; NOS, not otherwise specified.</p><p>–: not analyzed due to limited number of cases.</p

Clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients.

<p>^*Luminal A subgroup: cases with hormone receptor (HR)-positive and HER2-negative status.</p><p>^**HER2-positive subgroup: cases with HER2-positive status with or without HR positivity.</p><p>^***Triple-negative subgroup (TN): HR-negative and HER2-negative status.</p><p>IIPH  =  Ilsan Inje Paik Hospital; KCCH  =  Korean Cancer Center Hospital; ER  =  estrogen receptor; PR  =  progesterone receptor; HR  =  hormone receptor; HER2  =  human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; CPCC  =  chromatin CKAP2-positive cell count; MAI  =  mitotic activity index.</p

Correlations of CPCC and MAI with RFS.

<p>Shown are a Kaplan-Meier CPCC plot for total, KCCH, or IIPH cases (A-C) and an MAI plot for total, KCCH, or IIPH cases (D-F). The <i>P</i> values were determined by log-rank test, and the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) by the Cox proportional hazard regression model according to the co-variables of age, T stage, N stage, HER2 status, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, institution, and year of surgical resection. The X-axis is RFS in months, and the Y-axis, RFS probability. CPCC  =  chromatin CKAP2-positive cell count; MAI  =  mitotic activity index.</p

Inter-observer correlations of CPCC or MAI and correlation between CPCC and MAI.

<p>A. Inter-observer correlation of CPCC among 100 cases. B. Inter-observer correlation of MAI among 100 cases. C. Correlation between CPCC and MAI in total 375 cases. Two data points are outside the axis limits in C. The slope and Y intercept are shown. The correlations were calculated by two-sided Spearman test. CPCC  =  chromatin CKAP2-positive cell count; MAI  =  mitotic activity index.</p

Prognostic significance of proliferation activity in breast cancer subgroups.

<p>Shown are Kaplan-Meier CPCC plots for the luminal A (A), HER2-positive (B), and TN (C) subgroup cases, as well as MAI plots for the luminal A (D), HER2-positive (E), and TN (F) subgroup cases. The <i>P</i> values were determined by log-rank test, and the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) by the Cox proportional hazard regression model according to the co-variables of age, T stage, N stage, institution, and year of surgical resection. The X-axis is RFS in months, and the Y-axis, RFS probability. CPCC  =  chromatin CKAP2-positive cell count; MAI  =  mitotic activity index.</p

CKAP2 immunohistochemical staining in breast cancer tissues.

<p>CKAP2-positive cells are rare in normal breast ductal cells (A), but present variably in breast cancer tissues (B). The chromatin CKAP2-positive cell numbers were variable: low as in (C), or high as in (D). One hundred µl rulers are shown. The arrows indicate chromatin CKAP2 staining.</p