471 research outputs found
Survival and reproductive outcome of childbearing age ovarian cancer patients taking fertility-sparing surgery
Background: Surgical management of ovarian cancer includes total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy which results in the loss of fertility. Fertility-sparing surgery in the reproductive aged women with early-stage ovarian cancer with favourable histology has been proposed by American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and European Society for Medical Oncology. We sought to access the survival and fertility outcome of Korean women in their reproductive age who undertook fertility-sparing surgery.Methods: Based on the Korean National Insurance Claims Data and the National Health Information Database, 328 women with newly developed ovarian cancer in 2010 were followed up for the survival and pregnancy outcome until 2020. Patients who were diagnosed with cancer or underwent hysterectomy before 2010 were excluded. The control group consisted of 552 women matched by age, economic status and place of living.Results: Out of 120, 10 deaths occurred in the fertility-sparing surgery group showing a survival rate of 91.7%. Women undertaking fertility-sparing surgery had a lower chance of delivering a new-born compared to the control group (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.26-0.81). Diagnosis of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and abortion appeared higher in the fertility-sparing surgery group, but it did not reach a statistical significance.Conclusions: The pregnancy rate of the ovarian cancer patients with fertility-sparing surgery was lower than that of women without ovarian cancer. Undergoing fertility-sparing surgery per se should not deter women of trying to get pregnant as the pregnancy outcome indicators do not show statistically significant differences compared to the control group
A Feature-Based Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar for Korean
This document describes an on-going project of developing a grammar of Korean, the Korean XTAG grammar, written in the TAG formalism and implemented for use with the XTAG system enriched with a Korean morphological analyzer. The Korean XTAG grammar described in this report is based on the TAG formalism (Joshi et al. (1975)), which has been extended to include lexicalization (Schabes et al. (1988)), and unification-based feature structures (Vijay-Shanker and Joshi (1991)). The document first describes the modifications that we have made to the XTAG system (The XTAG-Group (1998)) to handle rich inflectional morphology in Korean. Then various syntactic phenomena that can be currently handled are described, including adverb modification, relative clauses, complex noun phrases, auxiliary verb constructions, gerunds and adjunct clauses. The work reported here is a first step towards the development of an implemented TAG grammar for Korean, which is continuously updated with the addition of new analyses and modification of old ones
Expression of toll-like receptor 2 and 4 is increased in the respiratory epithelial cells of chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia patients
SummaryBackgroundIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is characterized by chronic interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Although mounting evidence has suggested that toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 are involved in the pathogenesis of non-infectious lung injury inΒ vitro and in mouse models, their roles in human IIP remain unknown.MethodsTo address this issue, we investigated the expression patterns of TLR2 and TLR4 by immunohistochemistry in resected lung tissues from patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) or nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP).ResultsType II pneumocytes, bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), and alveolar macrophages accounted for the majority of TLR2- and TLR4-expressing cells in both UIP and NSIP. The numbers of TLR2 and TLR4-positive respiratory epithelial (RE) cells, including type II pneumocytes and BECs, were significantly greater in UIP and NSIP than in the control. In particular, the numbers of TLR2-positive RE cells were much greater in UIP than in NSIP. The intensities of TLR2 and TLR4 expression in type II pneumocytes were also significantly stronger in UIP and NSIP than in the control. A comparison of the TLR expression patterns between the fibroblastic and fibrotic areas in UIP indicated that the numbers TLR2 and TLR4-positive RE cells were similar in fibroblastic areas, whereas the TLR2-positive RE cells outnumbered the TLR4-positive RE cells in the fibrotic areas.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that RE cells over-express TLR2 and TLR4 in the lungs of IIP patients. These findings suggest that high expression of TLRs may contribute to the pathogenesis of human IIP
Do basic psychological needs affect student engagement in medical school?
Purpose The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of basic psychological needs of learners on student engagement in medical school. Methods A total of 91 first-year and second-year medical students participated in this study. Their basic psychological needs were determined. Student engagement scales were utilized to determine their engagement. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results Basic psychological needs showed a total explanatory power of 13% for student engagement (F=5.27, p<0.01). Competence (Ξ²=0.295, p<0.01) had statistically significant effect on student engagement. Conclusion Results of the present study verified that student engagement could be determined by learnerβs traits. Among psychological traits of learners, student engagement was significantly affected by competence. Thus, medical school should provide various experiences to satisfy competence as a basic psychological need of learners
Safety and tissue yield for percutaneous native kidney biopsy according to practitioner and ultrasound technique
BACKGROUND: Although percutaneous renal biopsy remains an essential tool in the diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases, in recent times the traditional procedure of nephrologists has been performed by non-nephrologists rather than nephrologists at many institutions. The present study assessed the safety and adequacy of tissue yield during percutaneous renal biopsy according to practitioners and techniques based on ultrasound. METHODS: This study included 658 native renal biopsies performed from 2005 to 2010 at a single centre. The biopsies were performed by nephrologists or expert ultrasound radiologists using the ultrasound-marked blind or real-time ultrasound-guided techniques. RESULTS: A total of 271 ultrasound-marked blind biopsies were performed by nephrologists, 170 real-time ultrasound-guided biopsies were performed by nephrologists, and 217 real-time ultrasound-guided biopsies were performed by radiologists during the study period. No differences in post-biopsy complications such as haematoma, need for transfusion and intervention, gross haematuria, pain, or infection were observed among groups. Glomerular numbers of renal specimens from biopsies performed by nephrologists without reference to any technique were higher than those obtained from real-time ultrasound-guided biopsies performed by expert ultrasound radiologists. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous renal biopsy performed by nephrologists was not inferior to that performed by expert ultrasound radiologists as related to specimen yield and post-biopsy complications
Treatment of Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion With Transluminal Nd:YAG Laser Embolysis
The purpose of this paper was to report a successful treatment of transluminal Nd:YAG laser embolysis (NYE) for branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) with visible emboli. Two patients with acute, severe vision loss secondary to a branch retinal artery occlusion with visible emboli in one eye underwent NYE. A complete ocular examination was performed which included biomicroscopy of the posterior pole of the retina, intraocular pressure measurement, fundus color photographs, and fluorescein angiography (FA). After the NYE, the two patients showed dramatic improvements in best-corrected visual acuity, as well as, immediate and dramatic restorations in flow past the obstructed arteriole in FA. NYE is a treatment modality to be considered in patients with BRAO who present acutely with severe vision loss and a visible embolus
Allelic and Haplotypic Diversity of HLA-A, -B, -C, and-DRB1 Genes in Koreans Defined by High-resolution DNA Typing
λ°°κ²½ : HLA νλ³μ νμ²νμ μμ€(generic level)μμλ λ€νμ±μ΄ μ¬νμ§λ§ λ립μ μ μ μμ€μμλ λμ± μ¬ν λ€νμ±μ 보μ΄κ³ μΈμ’
κ°μ ν° μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό λνλ΄λ κ²μΌλ‘ μλ €μ‘λ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ κ³ ν΄μλ DNA κ²μ¬λ²μ μ΄μ©νμ¬ νκ΅μΈμμ HLAλ립μ μ μ νλ³κ³Ό μΌλ°°μ²΄νμ μ’
λ₯ λ° λΉλλ₯Ό μμλ³΄κ³ μ νμλ€. λ°©λ² : 건κ°ν νκ΅μΈ 474λͺ
μ λμμΌλ‘ HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 μ μ μμ λν΄ λ λ¨κ³μ κ²μ¬λ‘ λ립μ μ μ(4μ리μ)
νλ³ λΆμμ μ€μνμλ€. 1λ¨κ³λ‘ νμ²νμ μμ€μ νλ³κ²μ¬λ₯Ό νμ²νμ κ²μ¬λ²μ΄λ sequence-specific oligonucleotide(PCR-SSO) λ°©λ²μΌλ‘ μννμκ³ , κ·Έ λ€μ λ¨κ³λ‘ λ립μ μ μ νλ³κ²μ¬λ₯Ό class Iμ exon 2μ exon3, DRB1μ exon 2μ λν΄ single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP)
λλ μ§μ μΌκΈ°μμ΄λΆμλ²μ μ΄μ©νμ¬ μ€μνμλ€. HLA λ립 μ μ μμ μ μ μ λΉλ, μΌλ°°μ²΄ν λΉλ, μ°μλΆνν κ°μ maximum likelihood μ리μ κ·Όκ±°ν μ 11μ°¨ κ΅μ μ‘°μ§μ ν©μ±μν¬μ μ»΄ν¨ν° νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μ΄μ©νμ¬ μ°μΆνμλ€. κ²°κ³Ό : νκ΅μΈμμ κ²μΆλ HLA-A, -B, -C, DRB1 λ립μ μ μ νλ³μ κ°κ° 21, 40, 22, 29μ’
μ΄μλ€. μ΄ μ€μ μ μ μ λΉλ 10% μ΄μμ λ³΄μΈ λ립μ μ μ νλ³(λΉλμ λμ΄)μ A*02:01, A*24:02, A*33:03; B*51:01; C*01:02, C*03:03; RB1*09:01λ±μ΄μλ€. HLA μΌλ°°μ²΄νμ λΆμ κ²°κ³Ό 0.5% μ΄μμ λΉλλ₯Ό λνλ΄λ 2-μ μ μμ’ μΌλ°°μ²΄νμ A-C 44μ’
, B-C 42μ’
, A-B 51μ’
, B-DRB1 52μ’
μ΄μκ³ , 3-μ μ μμ’ μΌλ°°μ²΄νμ A-C-B 42μ’
, A-B-DRB1 34μ’
μ΄μλ€. νκ΅μΈμμ λΉλ 1% μ΄μμ A-B-DR μΌλ°°μ²΄νμ 13μ’
μΌλ‘, μ 체 μΌλ°°μ²΄νμ 26.0%λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§νμκ³ , 2% μ΄μμΌλ‘ κ°μ₯ νν A-B-DR μΌλ°°μ²΄νμ A*33:03-B*44:03-DRB1*13:02 (3.7%), A*33:03-B*44:03-DRB1*07:01 (3.0%), A*33:03-B*58:01-DRB1*13:02 (3.0%), A*24:02-B*07:02-DRB1*01:01 (2.8%), A*30:01-B*13:02-DRB1*
07:01 (2.3%), A*11:01-B*15:01-DRB1*04:06 (2.2%) λ± 6μ’
μ΄μλ€. κ²°λ‘ : λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ νκ΅μΈμ λ립μ μ μ μμ€μ HLA νλ³κ³Ό HLA μΌλ°°μ²΄ν λΉλμ λν μλ£λ₯Ό μ μνμμΌλ©°, λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ κ²°κ³Όλ νκ΅μΈμμ μ₯κΈ°μ΄μ, μ§νμ°κ΄μ± μ°κ΅¬, μΈλ₯μ μ νμ μ°κ΅¬ λ±μμ μ€μν κΈ°μ΄μλ£λ‘ μ΄μ©λ μ μμ κ²μΌλ‘ κΈ°λλλ€. Background : In this study, we used high-resolution DNA typing to investigate the distribution of HLA alleles and haplotypes in Koreans. Methods : HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 alleles were genotyped at the allelic (4-digit) level in 474 healthy Koreans. HLA genotyping was performed in two steps. Initially, serologic typing or generic-level DNA typing was performed using the FOR-sequence-specific oligonucleotide method, and then allelic DNA typing (exons 2 and 3 for class I, and exon 2 for DRB1) was carried out using the FOR-single-strand conformation polymorphism method or sequence-based typing. HLA allele and haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium values were calculated by the maximum likelihood method using a computer program developed for the 11th International Histocompatibility Workshop. Results : A total of 21 HLA-A, 40 HLA-B, 22 HLA-C, and 29 HLA-DRB1 alleles were found in Koreans. The most frequent alleles in each locus with frequencies of >= 10% were, in decreasing order of frequency, as follows: A star 24:02, A star 02:01, A(star)33:03; B(star)51:01; C(star)01:02, C(star)03:03; and DRB1(star)09:01. The numbers of two- and three-locus haplotypes with frequencies of >0.5% were as follows: 44 A-C, 42 B-C, 51 A-B, 52 B-DRB1, 42 A-C-B, and 34 A-B-DRB1. Thirteen A-B-DRB1 haplotypes with frequencies of >= 1.0% comprised 26.0% of the total haplotypes. The six most common haplotypes were as follows: A(star)33:03-B(star)44:03-DRB1(star)3:02 (3.7%), A(star)33:03-B(star)44:03-DRB1(star)07:01 (3.0%), A(star)33:03-B(star)58: 01-DRB1(star)13:02 (3.0%), A(star)24:02-B(star)07:02-DRB1(star)01:01 (2.8%), A(star)30:01-B(star)13:02-DRB1(star)07:01 (2.3%), and A(star)11:01-B(star)15:01-DR81(star)04:06 (2.2%). Conclusions : The information obtained in this study can be used as basic data for Koreans in the fields of organ transplantation, disease association, and anthropologic studies. (Korean J Lab Med 2010;30:685-96)Yoon JH, 2010, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V75, P170, DOI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01418.xLee KW, 2009, HUM IMMUNOL, V70, P464, DOI 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.03.010Yang KL, 2009, HUM IMMUNOL, V70, P269, DOI 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.01.015YI DY, 2009, KOREAN J LAB MED, V29, pS425Whang DH, 2008, KOREAN J LAB MED, V28, P465, DOI 10.3343/kjlm.2008.28.6.465Trachtenberg E, 2007, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V70, P455, DOI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00932.xCano P, 2007, HUM IMMUNOL, V68, P392, DOI 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.01.014Yang G, 2006, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V67, P146, DOI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00529.xMACK SJ, 2006, IMMUNOBIOLOGY HUMAN, V1, P291Itoh Y, 2005, IMMUNOGENETICS, V57, P717, DOI 10.1007/s00251-005-0048-3Lee KW, 2005, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V65, P437, DOI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00386.xOttinger HD, 2004, TRANSPLANTATION, V78, P1077, DOI 10.1097/01.TP.0000137791.28140.93Flomenberg N, 2004, BLOOD, V104, P1923, DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-03-0803Song EY, 2004, HUM IMMUNOL, V65, P270, DOI 10.1016/j.humimm.2003.12.005HWANG SH, 2004, KOREAN J LAB MED, V24, P396ROH EY, 2003, KOREAN J LAB MED, V23, P420WHANG DH, 2003, KOREAN J LAB MED, V23, P52Lee KW, 2010, KOREAN J LAB MED, V30, P203, DOI 10.3343/kjlm.2010.30.3.203Morishima Y, 2002, BLOOD, V99, P4200Song EY, 2002, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V59, P475Song EY, 2001, HUM IMMUNOL, V62, P1142NAKAJIMA F, 2001, MHC, V8, P1Saito S, 2000, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V56, P522Park MH, 2000, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V55, P250DUNN P, 2000, IHWG TECHNICAL MANUA, P1Park MH, 1999, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V53, P386Marsh SGE, 2010, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V75, P291Petersdorf EW, 1998, BLOOD, V92, P3515Park MH, 1998, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V51, P347Wang H, 1997, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V50, P620Cereb N, 1997, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V50, P74Bannai M, 1997, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V49, P376Bannai M, 1996, HUM IMMUNOL, V46, P107CEREB N, 1995, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V45, P1BANNAI M, 1994, EUR J IMMUNOGENET, V21, P1IMANISHI T, 1992, HLA 1991, V1, P76TOKUNAGA K, 1992, EVOLUTION DISPERSAL, P599
Insulin and glucagon secretions, and morphological change of pancreatic islets in OLETF rats, a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This study was performed to observe the changes of glucose-related hormones and the morphological change including ultrastructure of the pancreatic islets in the male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rat. Area under the curve (AUC) of glucose at the 30th (709 plus minus 73 mg.h/dL) and at the 40th week (746 plus minus 87 mg.h/ dL) of age were significantly higher than that at the 10th week (360 plus minus 25 mg.h/ dL). AUC of insulin of the 10th week was 2.4 plus minus 0.9 ng.h/mL, increased gradually to 10.8 plus minus 8.3 ng.h/mL at the 30th week, and decreased to 1.8 plus minus 1.2 ng.h/mL at the 40th week. The size of islet was increased at 20th week of age and the distribution of peripheral alpha cells and central beta cells at the 10th and 20th weeks was changed to a mixed pattern at the 40th week. On electron microscopic examination, beta cells at the 20th week showed many immature secretory granules, increased mitochondria, and hypertrophied Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum. At the 40th week, beta cell contained scanty intracellular organelles and secretory granules and apoptosis of acinar cell was observed. In conclusion, as diabetes progressed, increased secretion of insulin was accompanied by increases in size of islets and number of beta-cells in male OLETF rats showing obese type 2 diabetes. However, these compensatory changes could not overcome the requirement of insulin according to the continuous hyperglycemia after development of diabetes
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