Reason for normalization from Variation in wall shear stress in channel networks of zebrafish models

Normalization to express flow rate and resistanc

Derivation of equation for resistance from Variation in wall shear stress in channel networks of zebrafish models

Derivation of equation for resistance of blood vesse

CFL thickness measurement techniques from Variation in wall shear stress in channel networks of zebrafish models

Measurement techniques for cell free layer thicknes

Effect of blocking procedure for 1h from Variation in wall shear stress in channel networks of zebrafish models

Blood flow in the blood-vessel network is visualized with the standard deviation projection method after (a) 30 min and (b) 1 h from the blocking of blood flow at the ISV

New Flavonol Glucuronides from the Flower Buds of <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> (Clove)

Repeated chromatography of the EtOAc-soluble fraction from the 70% EtOH extract of the flower buds of <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> (clove) led to the isolation and characterization of four new flavonol glucuronides, rhamnetin-3-<i>O</i>-β-d-glucuronide (<b>1</b>), rhamnazin-3-<i>O</i>-β-d-glucuronide (<b>2</b>), rhamnazin-3-<i>O</i>-β-d-glucuronide-6″-methyl ester (<b>3</b>), and rhamnocitrin-3-<i>O</i>-β-d-glucuronide-6″-methyl ester (<b>4</b>), together with 15 flavonoids (<b>5</b>–<b>19</b>) having previously known chemical structures. The structures of the new compounds <b>1</b>–<b>4</b> were determined by interpretation of spectroscopic data, particularly by 1D- and 2D-NMR studies. Six flavonoids (<b>6</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>9</b>, <b>14</b>, <b>18</b>, and <b>19</b>) were isolated from the flower buds of <i>S. aromaticum</i> for the first time in this study. The flavonoids were examined for their cytotoxicity against human ovarian cancer cells (A2780) using MTT assays. Among the isolates, pachypodol (<b>19</b>) showed the most potent cytotoxicity on A2780 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 8.02 μM

Factors Affecting the Rate of CO₂ Absorption after Partial Desorption in NaNO₃‑Promoted MgO

Sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) and other alkali nitrates are known to accelerate the CO₂ absorption rate of MgO above their melting points. This absorption rate is further enhanced if absorption is performed after partial desorption. Moreover, it does not show any induction period, which is otherwise present if absorption is performed after complete desorption. A thorough study of various factors affecting the rate after partial desorption is performed in this work. We exposed a sample to CO₂ for several different periods before partial desorption and N₂ for several different periods during partial desorption in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Absorbents were also characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and studied in an <i>in situ</i> infrared (IR) cell to understand the changes at the molecular scale. The absorbed amount of CO₂ with a fast initial rate after partial desorption is affected by both the amount of CO₂ absorbed before partial desorption as well as the amount of MgO formed during partial desorption. <i>In situ</i> IR studies showed that two phases of bulk MgCO₃ were formed along with the surface carbonate. It can be concluded from the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and <i>in situ</i> IR study that defects in MgO, which were introduced from the defect MgCO₃ phase during partial desorption, are responsible for the faster rate after partial desorption. It seems that substitution of nitrate ions in the MgCO₃ phase is responsible for the defect MgCO₃ phase (out-of-plane bending vibration at 876 cm^–1)