Research Reports from the Programme for Belize Archaeological Project, Volume Seven

Table of Contents : Background and Introduction to the 2012 Season of the Programme for Belize Archaeological Project / by Fred Valdez, Jr. and Grant Aylesworth (p.1-6) -- The Architecture and Environs of Structure 3: 2012 Season / by Debora Trein (p.7-34) -- Report of the 2012 Excavations at the South Ballcourt of La Milpa, Operation A6 / by David Chatelain (p.35-38) -- Overview of the 2012 La Milpa Archaeological Field Season / by Brandon s. Lewis, Yoav Me-Bar, Scott Guzman, and Leon de Santillan (p.39-54) -- Several Burials from La Milpa, LM4 in NW Belize / by Stacy Drake (p.55-58) -- Report in the 2012 Excavations at Hun Tun: Operation 5 / by Robyn L. Dodge (p.59-68) -- Research Results of the 2012 Field Season: Excavations at the Tapir Group of the Medicinal Trail Site / by David M. Hyde (p.67-90) -- Mapping Medicinal Trail: A Summary from 2004 to 2012 / by Jeff Brewer, David M. Hyde, and Michael Stowe (p.91-112) -- The 2012 Season of Survey and Excavation at La Milpa North / by Eric J. Heller (p.113-130) -- Preliminary Investigations at RB 71: The 2012 Field Season / by Nicole DeFrancisco and Cory Stevenson (p.131-140) -- Preliminary Report on the 2012 Field Season at Maax Na and Bolsa Verde, Belize / by Eleanor M. King and Leslie C. Shaw (p.141-154) -- Summary Report of Field Investigations at the Site of Dos Hombres, Summer 2012 Season / by Rissa M. Trachman and Jacob A. Canterbury (p.155-164) -- Field Investigations at Chawak But’o’ob: Preliminary Overview of the 2012 Season / Stan Walling (p.165-178) -- Ancient Maya Land Use and Today’s Environment: A Multidisciplinary Research Program / by Nicholas Brokaw (p.179-186) -- Summary Report of the 2012 Obsidian Provenance Project for PfBAP / by Walter Beckwith (p.187-188) -- Application of Low-Field Magnetic Susceptibility to Plaster Floors in Excavation Profiles at Maya Sites in the Three Rivers Region, Belize / by Michael Brennan (p.189)Texas Archeological Research Laborator

Research Reports from the Programme for Belize Archaeological Project, Volume Six

Table of Contents : Background and Introduction to the 2011 Season of the Programme for Belize Archaeological Project / by Fred Valdez, Jr. and Marisol Cortes-Rincon (p.1-4) -- Investigations at Structure 3, La Milpa: The 2011 Field Season / by Debora Trein (p.5-32) -- Report of the 2011 Excavations at the South Ballcourt of La Milpa, Op A6 / by David Chatelain (p.33-44) -- Summary of the 2011 Activities of the La Milpa Core Project / by Brett A. Houk and Gregory Zaro (p.45-54) -- Summary of 2011 Field Season: Examination of Extended Lineages Associated with Courtyards 135 & 149 at La Milpa, Belize / by Brandon S. Lewis (p.55-58) -- Report on a Northern Residential Complex at La Milpa, Belize: Operation LM4 / by Deanna M. Riddick (p.59-62) -- Preliminary Notes on a Chultun Burial at La Milpa – LM-4 / by Stacy Drake (p.63-68) -- Excavations at Groups B and C, Say Kah, Belize, 2011 / by Sarah E. Jackson and Linda A. Brown (p.69-102) -- Hun Tun Archaeology: Report on the 2011 Field Season / by Robyn L. Dodge (p.103-114) -- Aguada Lagunita Elusiva (RB Lagunita), La Milpa East (RB LME) and Results of the 2011 Explorations along the LaMap East Transect Extension / by Estella Weiss-Krejci and Michael Brandl (p.115-126) -- Towards a Biography Of Place: The 2011 Season of Survey and Excavation at La Milpa North / by Eric J. Heller (p.127-144) -- Phase 2 Research at Wari Camp (RB-56): Summer 2011 / by Laura Levi (p.145-152) -- Summary Report of Investigations at the Site of Dos Hombres: Summer 2011 / by Rissa M. Trachman and Katherine MacDonald (p.153-158) -- Preliminary Report on the 2011 Activities of the Mount Allison University Archaeological Field School in Belize / by Grant R. Aylesworth (p.159-162) -- Tree Species Composition at Medicinal Trail Group A / by Nicholas Brokaw and Sheila Ward (p.163-164) -- Report on Some Stone Tools from RB 18, Northwest Belize: Guijarral and the Chispas Group / by David M. Hyde (p.165)Texas Archeological Research Laborator

A Centennial Retrospective on Charles Williams

Edited transcript of a panel discussion (including audience contributions) at the 17th Mythopoeic Society Conference

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Research Reports from the Programme for Belize Archaeological Project, Volume Four

Table of Contents : Introduction and Overview of Contributions to PfBAP Volume 4 / by Fred Valdez Jr. and David M. Hyde (p.1-6) -- Floors, Phosphates, and Points: Analyzing Food Production – Results of the 2009 Field Season / by Jon B. Hageman, Robin C. Goldstein, and David J. Goldstein (p.7-18) -- Phase 2 Research at Wari Camp (RB-56): Report from the 200 Field Season / by Laura J. Levi (p.19-26) -- The Dos Hombres Archaeological Project (DHAP): Summary of Field Research from Summer 2009 / by Rissa Trachman (p.27-32) -- Aguada Lagunita Elusiva (RB Lagunita) and La Milpa East (RB LME): Summary of the 2009 Season / by Estella Weiss-Krejci and Michael Brandl (p.33-40) -- Research Results of Investigations at Group A of the Medicinal Trail Site: The 2009 Field Season / by David M. Hyde, Kirby Farah, and Alexandra Smith (p.41-18) -- Summary Report on Group B, Operation 12 of the Medicinal Trail Site: The 2009 Season / by Lauri McInnis Martin (p.49-56) -- Report on the 2009 Field Season at Hun Tun / by Robyn Dodge and Iasha Doumanoff (p.57-60) -- Excavations at Group B, Say Kah, Belize 2009 / by Sarah E. Jackson, Lindsey Argo, and Meredith Coats (p.61-84) -- Investigations at a Residential Group at the Site of La Milpa: Operation LM4: Suboperations A-N / by Deanna Riddick (p.85-96) -- Power, Memory, and Community: Defining the Development and Function of a Quadrangle Group, La Milpa, Belize / by Maria Martinez (p.97-132) -- Architectural Morphology and Activity: Structure 3 at La Milpa, Belize / by Debora Trein (p.133-150) -- Introduction to the 2009 Season of the La Milpa Core Project and Report on the 2009 Investigations of Structure 21 / by Brett Houk (p.151-172) -- The 2009 Investigations at Structure 24 / by Gregory Zaro (p.173-186) -- Continuing Investigations of Structure 27 at La Milpa: The 2009 Season / by Brett Houk and Shannon Smith (p.187-202) -- 2009 Archaeological Excavations at Courtyard 100 in Plaza B at La Milpa, Belize / by Melanie Mann (p.203)Texas Archeological Research Laborator

In-Flight icing simulation capabilities of NRC's altitude icing wind tunnel

AIAA 2001 0094: An overview of the icing cloud characteristics needed to simulate in-flight icing is presented. The wider range of conditions that result from the need to test at sub-scale conditions in a wind tunnel are shown to create additional challenges for icing wind tunnels, over and above those that are encountered in nature. A detailed description of the NRC Altitude Icing Wind Tunnel (AIWT) is presented, providing background information for the discussion of recent calibrations, flow quality surveys and icing cloud investigations. The instrumentation used for these studies is described and individual measurement uncertainties are documented. The aerodynamic calibration began with measurements of total and static pressure corrections. This was followed by planar surveys of the flow quality in the test section. The calibrations were conducted at sea-level conditions. The effects on test section flow quality of spraying air through the settling chamber spray bars are documented. Spray air generally impacts the flow quality by modifying the velocity uniformity and flow angularity. Surveys of the icing cloud consisted of droplet size calibration, liquid water content (LWC) uniformity and LWC calibration. From these studies, it was found that the AIWT has acceptable LWC uniformity. New spray bars, under development at this time, should improve the icing cloud uniformity even further. Preliminary investigations of a single prototype spray bar in the AIWT show improved spray on-off transients and greater uniformity in LWC distribution. Future investigations are planned to identify the cause of reduced flow quality near the starboard wall of the test section.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Philanthropic Experimentation: George Vanderbilt, the YMI, and Racial Uplift Ideology in Asheville, North Carolina, 1892-1906

After the Civil War the African American population in the southern Appalachia city of Asheville experienced significant growth. Drawn by the city’s tourism and hospitality industry, African Americans became important to the city’s service sector economy. Nevertheless, racism ensured their continued isolation from the city’s mainstream. Even before the advent of de facto segregation, African Americans were pushed to the margins, especially politically. This political marginalization made challenging the economic and social status quo difficult, and thus African Americans turned inward, focusing on the development of such key institutions as their churches and schools. Another organization that was important to the development of Asheville’s African American community was the Young Men’s Institute (YMI) in 1892. Central to the YMI’s mission was the development of the “social, moral, and Christian character” of young black men. As a key component of the black racial uplift ideology of the late nineteenth century, this paper will explore the creation of the YMI and the use of uplift ideology as a tool of resistance and protest in urban Appalachia. The paper will also examine how this ideology, which was really a project of the elite, unwittingly contributed to class divisions within the African American community itself