Baseline characteristics and the age-adjusted rate ratios for developing hepatocellular carcinoma for a total of 11,801 men who were free of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma at study entry.

a<p>obtained from a multiplicative Poisson regression model including attained age as covariates: ‘30–39’, ‘40–49’, ‘50–59’, ‘60–69’, ‘70+’.</p>b<p>one-sided p-value.</p>c<p>also with HBsAg (+).</p>d<p>also with anti-HCV (+); the detection limit is 25 IU/mL.</p>e<p>the cut-off point is median RNA loads of study subjects with detectable quantity.</p

The final additive Poisson model based on the data of a total of 11,801 men who were free of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma at study entry.

a<p>dummy code for alcohol drinking; incremental codes for HBV and HCV status.</p>b<p>one-sided p-value.</p>c<p>also with HBsAg (+).</p>d<p>also with anti-HCV (+).</p

Population attributable fractions under various intervention strategies.

<p>Population attributable fractions under various intervention strategies.</p

Causal pies and causal-pie weights for a hypothetical example.

<p>Four possible classes of causal pies for two hypothetical binary risk factors, A and B, in disease causation. The numbers shown below the pies are the causal-pie weights.</p

Causal-pie weights and the bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals for newly-developed hepatocellular carcinoma.

<p>A total of eight classes of causal pies (U: unmeasured factors) are presented. The eight pies are grouped into three intersecting sets (the dotted circles).</p

Preeclampsia and the Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in VLBW Infants: A Population Based Study

<div><p>Background</p><p>Preeclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal mortality and preterm delivery. Both preeclampsia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) of prematurity are associated with impaired angiogenesis. However, the relationship between maternal preeclampsia and BPD remains controversial. This study aims to test whether or not preeclampsia is associated with development of BPD in a cohort of premature infants.</p> <p>Materials and Methods</p><p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study assessing the association between preeclampsia and the risk of developing BPD in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants registered in the Premature Baby Foundation of Taiwan from 1997 through 2006. All 21 neonatal departments in Taiwan participated in the data collection. A total of 8,653 VLBW infants were registered in the database. The exclusion criteria included congenital anomalies, chromosome anomalies, infants that died before 36 weeks post-conceptual (PCA), and those whose BPD status were unavailable. BPD was defined as oxygen dependence at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. The association between maternal preeclampsia and BPD was assessed using a multivariate-adjusted logistic regression model.</p> <p>Results</p><p>In the end, a total of 5,753 cases were enrolled in this study. The incidence of preeclampsia was 14.7% (<i>n</i>=847) and the overall incidence of BPD was 34.9%. Infants with maternal preeclampsia had a higher gestational age, higher incidence of cesarean section and being small for their gestational age, lower incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, and sepsis. BPD occurred significantly less frequently in the maternal preeclampsia group (24.1% vs. 36.7%; adjusted odds ratio: 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.62–0.98). Subgroup analysis showed that the association between preeclampsia and BPD was significant only in those VLBW infants with a gestational age between 31–34 weeks.</p> <p>Conclusion</p><p>This data supports the association between fetal exposure to maternal preeclampsia and a reduced risk of BPD in relatively mature VLBW infants.</p> </div

Comparison of association between each haplotype of rs3077-rs9277535 and HBsAg seroclearance.

<p>Comparison of association between each haplotype of rs3077-rs9277535 and HBsAg seroclearance.</p

Subgroup analyses for the association between preeclampsia and BPD.

<p>Odds ratios were adjusted for sex, GA (asa continuous variable), RDS, and SGA, except for the stratifying variables.</p

Baseline characteristics of study cohorts.

<p>Baseline characteristics of study cohorts.</p

Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of developing mild and severe ROP for various factors in polytomous logistic analysis.

<p>Abbreviations: SGA, small for gestational age; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome with surfactant treatment; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus.</p><p>Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of developing mild and severe ROP for various factors in polytomous logistic analysis.</p