Identification and characterization of senescent macrophages in renal allograft rejection: a cross-species MultiOmics study

BackgroundAllograft rejection remains a main hindrance for long-term graft survival. Cellular senescence (CS) contributes to graft injury, but the role of immune cell senescence in rejection remains unclear.MethodsMicroarray data from renal transplant biopsy cohorts and age-matched rat allograft models were integrated to characterize senescence phenotypes. Immune cell infiltration algorithms and histopathology were employed to recognize major senescent alloimmune subpopulation. Then, novel senescent infiltrating macrophages (SnIMs) were identified using cross-species single-cell transcriptomics and validated in rat models. Finally, the clinical values of SnIMs were evaluated in renal transplant datasets.ResultsCS gene sets were enriched in rejecting allografts, correlating with graft loss and pathological injury. Alloimmune responses amplified stress-induced senescence in rat allografts, with p21+ macrophages emerging as the important senescent immune subtype. SnIMs exhibited cell cycle arrest, upregulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and conserved transcriptional signatures driven by NF-κB/Cebpb across species through single-cell analysis. These cells accumulated along pseudotime during rejection and interacted with effector T cells via CXCL chemokines. Clinically, SnIM infiltration predicted T cell–mediated rejection and correlated with Banff lesion grades and poor graft survival.ConclusionsOur findings identify novel stress-induced SnIMs in renal allograft rejection and highlight their pathogenic role in rejection injury, providing a therapeutic target to improve renal transplant outcome

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Straw and Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Acidification Mitigation and Erosion Control

[Objective] To demonstrate that appropriate application of straw and organic fertilizer can effectively improve soil quality, have a positive effect on soil acidification mitigation and erosion control. [Method] Acidified red soil was used as the research object and a comparative analysis was performed for the effects of conventional fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer reduction (30%), straw returning (6 000 kg/hm2, FSM0), and the combination of chemical fertilizer reduction (30%) coupled with straw returning (6 000 kg/hm2) and different gradients of organic fertilizers (1 500, 3 000, 4 500 and 6 000 kg/hm2) (FSM1, FSM2, FSM3, and FSM4) on soil properties at different stages of rapeseed growth and rapeseed yield. [Results] The reduction of chemical fertilizers combined with straw and organic fertilizer application significantly (p < 0.05) improved soil acidity and nutrient status. Compared with CK, soil pH increased by 0.05~0.25 unit under the five treatments, while exchangeable H+, exchangeable Al3+, and exchangeable acids decreased by 10.82%~39.81%, 5.18%~22.10% and 5.67%~23.90%, respectively. Additionally, the total exchangeable base increased by 7.63%~34.68%, and the total nitrogen and organic matter contents in the soil also significantly increased (by 19.22%~62.86% and 18.43%~61.50%, respectively). Analysis of soil mechanics properties indicated that with the increase of organic fertilizer application, soil shear strength was significantly enhanced, while the cohesion and internal friction angle exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Under FSM2 treatment, the shear strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle all reached their peak values, with a respective increase of 22.22%, 20.06% and 11.38% relative to CK. Economic benefit analysis revealed that FSM2 had the highest net income. [Conclusion] Based on soil acidification improvement, fertility enhancement, structural improvement, and rapeseed economic benefits, chemical fertilizer reduction (30%) coupled with straw returning (6 000 kg/hm2) and 3 000 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer application can be recommended as the optimal management strategy. The results of this study can provide a scientific foundation for improving soil acidification and increasing crop yields

AGProto: Adaptive Graph ProtoNet towards Sample Adaption for Few-Shot Malware Classification

Traditional malware-classification methods reliant on large pre-labeled datasets falter when encountering new or evolving malware types, particularly when only a few samples are available. And most current models utilize a fixed architecture; however, the characteristics of the various types of malware differ significantly. This discrepancy results in notably inferior classification performance for certain categories or samples with uncommon features, but the threats of these malware samples are of equivalent significance. In this paper, we introduce Adaptive Graph ProtoNet (AGProto), a novel approach for classifying malware in the field of Few-Shot Learning. AGProto leverages Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to propagate sample features and generate multiple prototypes. It employs an attention mechanism to calculate the relevance of each prototype to individual samples, resulting in a customized prototype for each case. Our approach achieved optimal performance on two few-shot malware classification datasets, surpassing other competitive models with an accuracy improvement of over 2%. In extremely challenging scenarios&mdash;specifically, 20-class classification tasks with only five samples per class&mdash;our method notably excelled, achieving over 70% accuracy, significantly outperforming existing advanced techniques

Toward actively defending from DOS attacks in UMTS-WLAN

A wireless network is more vulnerable to denial of service (DoS) attacks than a wired one. In this paper we propose a new DoS defense scheme toward actively resisting DoS attacks. A mobile terminal generates an authorized anonymous ID (AAI) using its true ID, and assigns its true ID with the produced AAI. Using an AAI, a legitimate mobile terminal will be authenticated by the wireless network, however, its true ID is concealed, and it ‘disappears’ to potential attackers. This method can be used to defend several kinds of DoS attacks at the same time. Additionally it can also be used to alleviate other kinds of security threats in wireless networks, such as eavesdropping. We demonstrate our proposed method in detail in a new application network: UMTS-WLAN (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems - Wireless Local Area Network) network, and provide some simulation results in OPNET 10.0 A environment

Pneumonia in newly diagnosed patients infected with the Omicron variant: a population-based study of Chinese patients in Chongqing

Background Pneumonia is the main complication of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2; however, the incidence proportions and prognostic factors for Omicron-associated pneumonia have not been established. We conducted this study to characterise the incidence proportions and influence of various factors on prognosis of Omicron-associated pneumonia.Methods We collected data from 714 patients infected with the Omicron variant in The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Chongqing, China) who were divided into different groups for analysis.Results We identified 313 patients with Omicron-associated pneumonia at the time of diagnosis of patients infected with the Omicron variant, representing 43.8% of the entire cohort. A total of 82 were 15–59 years old, 71 were 60–69 years old, 76 were 70–79 years old and 84 were &gt;80 years old. 133 were female and 180 were male. Incidence proportions of pneumonia were highest among patients with cardiovascular (82.4% of the basic disease of the cardiovascular system subset) or kidney disease (92.3% of the kidney disease subset), whereas patients with lung cancer (35.7% of the lung cancer subset) had a lower incidence proportion. Several factors were associated with the prognosis of pneumonia in patients infected with the Omicron variant. Patients with a thrombosis or pleural effusion had a longer hospitalisation time. Paxlovid and immunoglobulins improved the prognosis of patients with severe pneumonia. The following measures were significantly different in patients as a function of disease severity: number of neutrophils and lymphocytes, partial oxygen pressure; and myoglobin, lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and procalcitonin levels.Conclusion Patients infected with the Omicron variant with coexisting cardiovascular or kidney disease, but not respiratory disease, had a higher incidence proportion of pneumonia. Paxlovid and immunoglobulins can be used in patients with severe infections to improve prognosis