The interaction between miR160 and miR165/166 in the control of leaf development and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in plant development and abiotic stresses. To date, studies have mainly focused on the roles of individual miRNAs, however, a few have addressed the interactions among multiple miRNAs. In this study, we investigated the interplay and regulatory circuit between miR160 and miR165/166 and its effect on leaf development and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis using Short Tandem Target Mimic (STTM). By crossing STTM160 Arabidopsis with STTM165/166, we successfully generated a double mutant of miR160 and miR165/166. The double mutant plants exhibited a series of compromised phenotypes in leaf development and drought tolerance in comparison to phenotypic alterations in the single STTM lines. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses suggested that the expression levels of auxin and ABA signaling genes in the STTM-directed double mutant were compromised compared to the two single mutants. Our results also suggested that miR160-directed regulation of auxin response factors (ARFs) contribute to leaf development via auxin signaling genes, whereas miR165/166- mediated HD-ZIP IIIs regulation confers drought tolerance through ABA signaling. Our studies further indicated that ARFs and HD-ZIP IIIs may play opposite roles in the regulation of leaf development and drought tolerance that can be further applied to other crops for agronomic traits improvement

The interaction between miR160 and miR165/166 in the control of leaf development and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in plant development and abiotic stresses. To date, studies have mainly focused on the roles of individual miRNAs, however, a few have addressed the interactions among multiple miRNAs. In this study, we investigated the interplay and regulatory circuit between miR160 and miR165/166 and its effect on leaf development and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis using Short Tandem Target Mimic (STTM). By crossing STTM160 Arabidopsis with STTM165/166, we successfully generated a double mutant of miR160 and miR165/166. The double mutant plants exhibited a series of compromised phenotypes in leaf development and drought tolerance in comparison to phenotypic alterations in the single STTM lines. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses suggested that the expression levels of auxin and ABA signaling genes in the STTM-directed double mutant were compromised compared to the two single mutants. Our results also suggested that miR160-directed regulation of auxin response factors (ARFs) contribute to leaf development via auxin signaling genes, whereas miR165/166- mediated HD-ZIP IIIs regulation confers drought tolerance through ABA signaling. Our studies further indicated that ARFs and HD-ZIP IIIs may play opposite roles in the regulation of leaf development and drought tolerance that can be further applied to other crops for agronomic traits improvement

Crikvenica\u27s cemetries

Autor u radu donosi povijesni pregled posljednjih počivališta, od najstarijih prapovijesnih nalaza na predjelu Stolnič, nalaza iz razdoblja antike u sklopu rimskoga Ad Turresa, srednjovjekovnog groblja Stranče-Gorica u bliskom zaleđu crikvenice, zatim tri groblja vezana uz crkve: sv. Šimuna i Jude Tadeja u naselju Kotor, sv. Antona na Gorici i pavlinske Crkve BDM na ušću Dubračine, jednog kratkotrajno korištenog groblja na lokaciji današnjeg Gradskog kupališta, do sadašnjega i budućega crikveničkog groblja koje postoji tek u planskim dokumentima. Povijest crikveničkih groblja je zapravo povijest samoga mjesta Crikvenice i njegove urbanizacije. S porastom broja stanovnika, koji se u posljednjih 150 godina povećao za gotovo tri i pol puta, rastu potrebe za novim ukopištima. Stoga se koncem 18. i početkom 19. stoljeća otvaraju tri groblja na novim lokacijama, ali se iz urbanističkih razloga dva groblja zatvaraju, a ukopi sele na sadašnje crikveničko groblje. Prostorni resursi postojećeg groblja su do krajnosti potrošeni, pa je izrađena planska dokumentacija za novo groblje u blizini crikveničkog naselja Zoričići, ispod vrha Drenin.In the paper the author gives an overview of the final resting places, from the oldest prehistoric finds at the area of Stolnič, finds from Antiquity within the Roman Ad Turres, the Stranče-Gorica mediaeval cemetery in the nearby hinterland of Crikvenica, then the three cemeteries connected to the churches: Saints Simon and Jude Thaddeus in the settlement of Kotor, St Anthony on Gorica and the Pauline Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary at the mouth of the Dubračina, a single use cemetery at the site of the town’s current bathing area, to the present-day and future Crikvenica cemetery which exists only in planning documents. The history of Crikvenica’s cemeteries is in fact the history of the town of Crikvenica itself and its urbanisation. With the growth of the population, which over the last 150 years has increased almost three and a half times, the need for new burial grounds has also grown. Therefore, at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th three cemeteries opened in new locations, however for urbanisation reasons two cemeteries were closed, and the burials moved to the current Crikvenica cemetery. The spatial resources of the existing cemetery have been used to the extremes, so planning documentation has been made for a new cemetery near to the Crikvenica settlement of Zoričići, under the hilltop of Drenin

Exogenous spermidine improved drought tolerance in Ilex verticillata seedlings

Winterberry (Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray) is a recently introduced ornamental tree species in China that has not been closely investigated for its drought resistance. In this study, we used two-year-old cuttings from I. verticillata (L.) A. Gray and two representative varieties derived from it, I. verticillata ‘Oosterwijk’ and I. verticillata ‘Jim Dandy’, as materials to investigate how this plant responds to drought stress and whether exogenous spermidine (SPD) can alleviate the negative effects caused by drought stress. The results showed that as the degree of drought stress increased, the leaves of winterberry seedlings became chlorotic, and their edges became dry. Similarly, the relative water content, specific leaf weight, chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly reduced, whereas the content of malondialdehyde continuously increased with the degree of drought stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase increased under moderate drought stress and then decreased under severe drought stress. The levels of soluble sugar and abscisic acid continued to increase, while those of auxin and gibberellic acid decreased. When compared with individual drought stress, an increase in the amount of external SPD clearly alleviated the effect of drought stress on winterberry seedlings. The combined phenotypes and physiological indices of the winterberry leaves under drought stress conditions revealed that the drought resistance of the native species was significantly higher than its two varieties. This finding serves as an important theoretical foundation for the popularization and application of I. verticillata (L.) A. Gray and the two varieties

MOESM1 of A sensitive synthetic reporter for visualizing cytokinin signaling output in rice

Additional file 1. Amino acid alignment of the Myb-like domains from type-B response regulators

MOESM4 of A sensitive synthetic reporter for visualizing cytokinin signaling output in rice

Additional file 4. Relative transcript levels of type-A OsRR family genes revealed by qRT-PCR in root and shoot

MOESM6 of A sensitive synthetic reporter for visualizing cytokinin signaling output in rice

Additional file 6. Relative expression of two type-A genes in rice

MOESM5 of A sensitive synthetic reporter for visualizing cytokinin signaling output in rice

Additional file 5. Sequence of synthetic promoter TCSn