69 research outputs found
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Observation and analysis of time-dependent closed orbit motion in the LAMPF Proton Storage Ring
When the stored beam is artificially offset in a section of the LAMPF Proton Storage Ring by changing selected ring dipole strengths, there is evidence for a small time dependence of the offset during the course of beam injection. A complete discussion of the time dependence of orbit offsets should take into account at least the following possibilities: (1) correlations between the injection timing pattern and ring dipole field ripple, (2) correlations between the injection timing pattern and changes of beam position monitor characteristics, and (3) growth of space-charge effects as the number of stored protons increases. Since there is no a priori reason to expect the correlations mentioned, we have analyzed the observed time dependence of the beam offset in terms of space-charge effects only, although the other possible causes cannot be ruled out. The buildup of circulating charge during proton injection leads to a shift of the betatron tune of individual protons because of space-charge forces; this shift can cause a change of the individual proton closed-orbit positions, and consequently a change in the position of the beam as a whole. At the end of a PSR injection cycle there are approximately 2.5 {times} 10{sup 13} protons stored in the ring. The observed time dependence of the beam offset indicates a horizontal-plane tune shift of {minus}0.03 {plus minus} 0.02; this is consistent with a theoretical estimate of a maximum expected space-charge tune shift of {minus}0.09 when 2.5 {times} 10{sup 13} protons are stored in the ring. 3 refs., 4 figs
Application of Multi-Barrier Membrane Filtration Technologies to Reclaim Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Use
Elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity relative to the spectator plane in Pb–Pb and Xe–Xe collisions
Measurements of the elliptic flow coefficient relative to the collision plane defined by the spectator neutrons v2{ SP} in collisions of Pb ions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon pair √ 2.76 TeV and Xe ions at √ sNN = sNN =5.44 TeV are reported. The results are presented for charged particles produced at midrapidity as a function of centrality and transverse momentum for the 5–70% and 0.2–6 GeV/c ranges, respectively. The ratio between v2{ SP} and the elliptic flow coefficient relative to the participant plane v2{4}, estimated using four-particle correlations, deviates by up to 20% from unity depending on centrality. This observation differs strongly from the magnitude of the corresponding eccentricity ratios predicted by the TRENTo and the elliptic power models of initial state fluctuations that are tuned to describe the participant plane anisotropies. The differences can be interpreted as a decorrelation of the neutron spectator plane and the reaction plane because of fragmentation of the remnants from the colliding nuclei, which points to an incompleteness of current models describing the initial state fluctuations. A significant transverse momentum dependence of the ratio v2{ SP}/v2{4} is observed in all but the most central collisions, which may help to understand whether momentum anisotropies at low and intermediate transverse momentum have a common origin in initial state f luctuations. The ratios of v2{ SP} and v2{4} to the corresponding initial state eccentricities for Xe–Xe and Pb–Pb collisions at similar initial entropy density show a difference of (7.0 ±0.9)%with an additional variation of +1.8% when including RHIC data in the TRENTo parameter extraction. These observations provide new experimental constraints for viscous effects in the hydrodynamic modeling of the expanding quark–gluon plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC
First measurement of Ωc0 production in pp collisions at s=13 TeV
The inclusive production of the charm–strange baryon 0 c is measured for the first time via its hadronic √ decay into −π+ at midrapidity (|y| <0.5) in proton–proton (pp) collisions at the centre-of-mass energy s =13 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The transverse momentum (pT) differential cross section multiplied by the branching ratio is presented in the interval 2 < pT < 12 GeV/c. The pT dependence of the 0 c-baryon production relative to the prompt D0-meson and to the prompt 0 c-baryon production is compared to various models that take different hadronisation mechanisms into consideration. In the measured pT interval, the ratio of the pT-integrated cross sections of 0 c and prompt + c baryons multiplied by the −π+ branching ratio is found to be larger by a factor of about 20 with a significance of about 4σ when compared to e+e− collisions
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Analysis ob beam losses at PSR (Proton Storage Ring)
Beam losses and the resulting component activation at the Los Alamos Proton Storage Ring (PSR) have limited operating currents to about 30..mu..A average at a repetition rate of 15 Hz. Loss rates were found to be approximately proportional to the circulating current and can be understood by a detailed accounting of emittance growth in the two step injection process along with Coulomb scattering of the stored beam during multiple traversals of the injection foil. Calculations and simulations of the losses are in reasonable agreement with measurements
The excretion and retention of components of the soil fumigant D-D and their metabolites in the rat
Analysis of a Circular Piezoelectric Semiconductor Embedded in a Piezoelectric Semiconductor Substrate
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