Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3507: Hrabanus Maurus, "De compute", Isidore, "De natura rerum': astrological and computistical poems and prose

131a. Exeter, Cathedral Library 3507 Hrabanus Maurus, "De compute", Isidore, "De natura rerum': astrological and computistical poems and prose [Ker 116*; Gneuss 258] HISTORY: A scientific collection mainly consisting of the computistical dialogue ofHrabanus Maurus (c. 780-856), "De computo'; authored in 819 or 820 and well known in Carolingian schools (Stevens 1992: 136-37) and the work on natural history and astronomy known as "De natura rerum" by Isidore of Seville ( ca. 560-636), also widely known in A-S and Carolingian centers. Hrabanus' "De computo" shares a corpus of glosses with two other later manuscripts (Avranches, Bibliotheque Municipale 114, ff. 98-132 and Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Riccardiana 885, ff. 312-46), and all may stem from the same, perhaps English, source (Stevens 1979: 197). The recension oflsidore's "De natura rerum'' is not the typical "long recension'' but a unique longer and more elaborate version (Fontaine 1960: 19-83; Stevens 1992: 136). The now lost exemplar of Exeter 3507 (perhaps from Sherborne) also was copied in London, BL Cotton Vitellius A.xii [250], a manuscript from late llc or early 12c Salisbury (Webber 1992: 69, 74; Stevens 1992: 136). Furthermore, some of the verses are also found, among other manuscripts, in the "Leofric Missal" (Oxford, Bodl. Lib. Bodley 579 [364]), a late 9c or early 10c northeast Frankish liturgical book brought to England by the 10c, when these verses were added (and much more), perhaps at Canterbury or Glastonbury, and later donated to Exeter by Leofric (Orchard 2002: 1.1-2; 132-205). Exeter 3507 was written in a stylized A-S square minuscule in the late 1 0c that shares some traits with the script of the "Exeter Book" (Exeter Cathedral Library 3501 (130]) and its sister manuscripts; moreover, the same hand is found for the main text in Oxford, Bodl. Lib. Bodley 718 and in Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale lat. 943 [422) (the "Sherborne Pontifical") and perhaps as a correcting hand in London, Lambeth Palace 149 (311), a manuscript in the same hand as the "Exeter Book" (Ker, Cat., 154; Conner 1993: 19-20; Gameson 1996: 162-63). Ker dates the script to the second half of the 10c, while Conner (1993: 44-47) suggests that the script of this trio of Exeter books is later than that of the "Exeter Book" itself, which would mean after about 970 or 980. Stevens (1992: 136) gives the more specific range, 960-86. Along with its sister manuscripts, Exeter 3507 is usually considered to have been written in Canterbury, perhaps at Christ Church, based on paleographical and art historical evidence (Gameson 1996: 178), though Conner (1993: 20 et passim) has argued extensively for an Exeter origin for this trio of books. Based on the presence of Paris, BN lat. 943 in Sherborne by the early 11c (Ker, Cat., no. 364), and the seemingly close ties between Sherborne and Exeter in the 10c and 11c (Webber 1992: 69), it is possible that the book came to Exeter from Sherborne. Exeter 3507 may have come to Exeter with Leofric or been there in the late 10c (Conner 1993: 19-20), but the book does not bear a Leofrician donation inscription, nor is it in Leofric's 11c inventory. The manuscript was glossed in several hands, including the main one, and there are two OE glosses on f. 92v. Annotations in a 12c hand (as at f. 4v) show the book was read in the years after the Conquest. The 1327 inventory of Exeter's holdings shows that it certainly had come to Exeter by then (Oliver 1861: 303), and Ker suggests that it had come to Exeter "much earlier" (Ker 1977: 2.814). Exeter 3507 does not appear to be present in the 1506 inventory (contra the error in Ker, Cat., 154; corrected in Ker 1977: 2.814), though an untraced "Ysidorus de natura rerum" is found there (Oliver 1861: 373). There is a rust mark at the tail center off. 1, indicating that in a previous binding the book was chained, most likely in the Exeter library. The book was still in Exeter in the late 17 c, when Bernard noted it (1697: no. 25). It was rebound in the 18c, and this may have been the occasion of the list of contents now on the front pastedown. The manuscript was catalogued by Wanley ( 1705: 281 ), and Hickes ( 1705: 4 and table 2) printed its runic alphabets (f. 66r)

Exeter Cathedral Library FMS/3: "Vita Sancti Basili" (fragmentary leaf)

131c. Exeter Cathedral Library FMS/3 "Vita Sancti Basili" (fragmentary leaf) [Ker:--; Gneuss 260] HISTORY: Eight binding fragments from a single leaf containing parts of sections II, III, and IV of the Latin translation of the Greek Pseudo-Amphilochius' "Vita Sancti Basili" (BHL 1023), the translation often attributed to Euphemius interpres (Corona 2006: 14-25, Whatley 2001: 105). The "Vita" circulated in the late 9c in Carolingian centers, and later became the source for Ælfric's OE "Life of Saint Basil" (Whatley 1996: 19; Corona 2006: 74-94). The eight fragments, all cut from a single leaf, are of various shapes and dimensions, darkly stained, and only sporadically legible. The text is in an early A-S square minuscule script dated by Ker (1977: 2. 845) to the beginning of the 10c; Dumville dates the script to the 920s and possibly the 910s (Dumville 1987: 171). Conner (1993: 128) and Corona (2002 and 2006, who discovered OE glossing in the fragments), suggest that the text - and its subsequent copying- may have originated in donations of books and relics by King Æthelstan (893/4-939). Indeed, two relics of St. Basil are listed in the record of Æthelstan's donation to Exeter found in Oxford, Bodleian Library Auct. D.2.16 [340), a gospel book later given to Exeter by Leofric (donation ed. Conner 1993: 171-209). Conner (1993: 20) and Gameson (1996: 152-53) note that the book from which these fragments survive may have been in Exeter in the 10c, or may have come with Leofric to Exeter. The illegibility of the OE gloss ( on f. 4v) does not allow dating. Perhaps some later medieval writing is on ff. 2v, 3v, 5v. The item, " legenda sanctorum" from the 1327 inventory allows that the book may have been in Exeter in the 14c (Oliver 1861: 305). Pen-trials, scribbles, etc. on several of the fragments suggest that these leaves were accessible in the later medieval period; however, the only definitive fact is that the fragments were in Exeter in the late 16c, when they were used in the binding of Exeter, Cathedral Library 3779, a cathedral capitular account book spanning the years 1499-1561 (Ker 1977: 2.845, Conner 1993: 28). Notes on the envelopes holding the fragments state that they were "cleaned and pressed" on 4 June 1958 and that an eighth fragment was discovered in 1973. Now kept wrapped in tissue and in a set of envelopes in the cathedral library

Selected Principals\u27 Perceptions of the Importance of the National Policy Board for Educational Administration\u27s Initially Recommended Foundational Areas of Learning for Principal Education

This study was undertaken to determine selected principals\u27 perceptions of the importance of the NPBEA\u27s initially recommended seven foundational areas of learning and associated topics to be included in doctoral programs for preservice preparation of principals. A secondary purpose of the study was to determine the amount of coverage of the foundational areas and associated topics in the preparation programs of the selected principals. National samples of U.S. public elementary and secondary school principals were surveyed over a 14 week period. Except for four topics, both groups of principals perceived the areas and topics to be important. Both groups perceived an additional eight topics to be less important than the other topics. There was no significant difference between the elementary and secondary school principals\u27 perceptions of the importance of the areas and topics. Except for two areas and one topic, both groups of principals did not perceive the seven foundational areas and associated topics to have been covered in their preparation programs. Both groups perceived an additional seven topics to have been covered more than the other areas and topics. Generally, the principals perceived the areas and topics to be important, but a corresponding high degree of coverage for the areas and topics in the principals\u27 preparation programs had not been perceived. Conclusions of the study indicated that NPBEA had correctly identified a large number of topics that practicing principals perceive to be important and that should be included in one core curriculum for preparation of principals. Additionally, more detailed investigations should be completed to determine why principals perceive the topics concerned with demographic changes, organizational theory, and research to be of lower importance than the other NPBEA topics. In support of claims in the literature, preparation programs of both elementary and secondary school principals are not relevant and are inadequate in many instances because the programs do not cover to the required degree the NPBEA\u27s foundational areas and associated topics that the principals perceive to be important

Cambridge, University Library Ii.2.11: Exeter documents; "West-Saxon Gospels': OE "Gospel of Nicodemus': OE "Vindicta Salvatoris" with 130. Exeter Cathedral 3501 (ff. 0-7)

100. Cambridge, University Library Ii.2.11 Exeter documents; "West-Saxon Gospels": OE "Gospel of Nicodemus': OE "Vindicta Salvatoris" with 130. Exeter Cathedral 3501 (ff. 0-7) [Ker 20; Gneuss 15] HISTORY: A complete copy of the West-Saxon translation of the Gospels along with the OE apocryphal "Gospel of Nicodemus" and "Vindicta Salvatoris''. Written in Leofric of Exeter's scriptorium in the third quarter of the llc by a single scribe whose work is identifiable with Exeter, whether part of the foundation of canons there, as suggested by Drage (1978), or as part of the bishop's household, as suggested by Bishop (1955: 197-99) and Treharne (2003 and 2009). Formerly it held a record of Leofric's donations to the Exeter foundation written by a nearly contemporary hand (now in the "Exeter Book" of OE poetry [130]) that lists 'peos englisce cristes boc' (ed. Lapidge 1994: 132-39; Conner 1993: 226-35). The book was designed and produced for Leofric's episcopal library in Exeter, likely around 1050- 60 (Treharne 2003: 160-61). Based on a close a nalysis of variations in the wording of pericopes and OE rubrics in CUL Ii.2.11, Lenker has argued that the liturgical headings were not part of the original translation of the Gospels; however, as an integral aspect of the book's design, Roman Latin pericopes from a Continental capitulary were integrated into the Exeter copy (Lenker 1999: 143). These pericopes often cite the synoptic parallels of the OE text they head; Lenker (1999: 173) suggests that "the combination of the vernacular gospels with the liturgical system is related to the homiletic tradition. A homilist could thus have used the text of the West Saxon Gospels for translation of the Gospel of the day into OE:' It seems then that the manuscript is designed for homiletic use, rather than liturgical reading, and fits best in the JElfrician tradition of vernacular exegetic homilies (Lenker 1999; Liuzza 1998: 10-ll and 14-15; Treharne 2003: 165). The text of the Gospels was corrected or altered sporadically in the later l lc, and a direction was added on f. 40r in the second half of the 12c, probably in Exeter. Liuzza notes that the text of the W-S Gospels seems to have been not often cited or used in the later llc and 12c, apart from its being copied a number of times in copies that show signs of later study and use (Luizza 1998: 5-6). The manuscript does not appear in either the 1327 or 1506 Exeter inventories (Conner 1993: 239) but nonetheless it appears to have remained in Exeter until 1566, when the Dean ofExeter, Gregory Dodds (also ' Dodde' or 'Dodd; dean 1560-70; on Dodds see Radford 1955: 6), gave the book to Matthew Parker, as a 16c inscription on the 15c flyleaff. [ix] verso reports. It has been suggested that Dodds' donation may have been a return of favor, as Parker had supported Dodds' promotion to Dean (Conner 1993: 249) and in 1566 gave him a vote of confidence in the aftermath of criticisms of Dodds' learning by appointing him to preach at St. Paul's (Graham 1994: 434). Parker had an edition of the W-S Gospels published by John Day under John Foxe's name as a part of his Anglican project to establish ancient precedent for translating the Bible into the vernacular (Conner 1993: 249; Liuzza 1998: 4-5). The note on f. [ix] verso suggests Parker probably had the book rebound the same year as the gift of 1566 (Graham 1994: 434). Graham (1994) has shown that it was Parker who had leaves removed from CUL li.2.11, when it was rebound, and bound those leaves in a confected quire into the "Exeter Book" ( described with the "Exeter Book" [130], details in the note to the "Collation:' below). CUL li.2.11 was bound by the "MacDurnan Gospels Binder", who worked on several volumes for Parker (Graham 1994: 444); two of the front flyleaves from this binding remain- an old parchment leaf with 15c accounts glued to a sheet of paper in an artificial bifolium, which bears Dodds' donation inscription. The vellum sheet of 15c accounts, with Parker's crayon note, 'past this side to the bord; comes from sheets of records that Parker used in other rebinding projects, including the confected quire now appended to the beginning of the 'Exeter Book' (Graham 1994: 444-48). Parker bequeathed the manuscript to the Cambridge University Library in 1574, along with 24 other manuscripts (inscription top off. 2r; Oates 1986: 96-119; Graham 1994: 431). It was rebound in 1949 (Ker, Cat. 31 and Liuzza 1994: xvii give 1940, but this is a misreading of the modern pastedown's inscription; cf. Graham 1994: 444, n.65). The old Parkerian binding is now kept separately

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Auct. F. 1. 15 (2455): Boethius, "De Consolatione Philosophiae"; Persius, "Satirae"

343. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Auct. F. 1. 15 (2455) Boethius, "De Consolatione Philosophiae"; Persius, "Satirae" [Ker 294; Gneuss 533/534] HISTORY: A composite volume consisting of two manuscripts from St. Augustine's, Canterbury, written in anglo-caroline minuscule of the later 10c: Boethius' "De Consolatione Philosophiae" and Persius' "Satirae''. The Boethius is glossed with an insular (and incomplete) version of the Remigian commentary, scholia, and glosses (Wittig 2006: 179 and 191) as well as the third "Vita'' and Lupus of Ferrieres' "De metris" (Gibson and Smith 1995: no. 163). The copy is textually related to Cambridge, Trinity College 0.3.7 (90], which represents a fairly full text of the Remigian gloss (Courcelle 1939: 121-22, Bolton 1977a: 381-82, Bolton 19776: 52-53). The copy of Persius' "Satirae" has a version of the "Commentum Cornuti" glosses and scholia, borrowing from the "Tradition B" for the preface and prologue, and reverting to the "Tradition K family of glosses for the satires proper (Pulsiano 2001: 146-49; for the traditions see Robathan and Cranz 1976: 3.215-24). The Persius is closely related to, and may have ultimately shared an exemplar with, Cambridge, Trinity College 0.4.10, and M.R. James suggests this exemplar may derive from a copy found at Theodore and Hadrian's Canterbury school (James 1902: 3.258). T.A.M. Bishop placed the origin ofboth parts of the manuscript at St. Augustine's based on scribal interrelations with other manuscripts (Bishop 1971: no. 9; 1959-63: 415, also Barker-Benfield 2008: 3.1815-16). The Boethius was subsequently but nearly contemporaneously glossed at Christ Church, Canterbury, attesting to close relations between the foundations in the late 1 0c (Bishop 1971: 7). Leofric probably acquired the manuscripts from Canterbury (Bishop 1959-63: 415; Drage 1978: 271 and 406; Treharne 2009: 524) and certainly donated the two manuscripts to Exeter as separate items in the third quarter of the 11c; both parts are identifiable with entries in Leofric's donation inventory (Lapidge 1994: 134-35; Conner 1993: 232-34), and both have donation inscriptions. The two manuscripts remained as two separate items in the 1327 inventory of Exeter's holdings (Oliver 1861: 329; though cf. Drage 1978: 387). They were perhaps bound together in the 14c or, more likely, in the Exeter refurbishment campaign of 1411-1412 (Clarkson 1996: 164-69; Pollard 1975: 144). The compiled book was probably chained in the Exeter library in the late Middle Ages. New covers were put over the original (but reversed) boards, ca. 1602 (Clarkson 1996: passim and Watson 1987: 270), when it was gifted to the Bodleian, and the book was clipped and chained in the Bodleian in the 17 c. The turn-in of the covers was partly lifted in 1973- 74 at the Bodleian as part of a dendrochronological study (as reported by Clarkson 1996: 165). According to notes and photographs kept in its storage box, the manuscript was refurbished in February of 1977

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Oxford, Bodleian Library, Auct. D.2.16 (2719): Gospels; added quires with Exeter documents

340. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Auct. D.2.16 (2719) Gospels; added quires with Exeter documents [Ker 291; Gneuss 530] HISTORY: A complete copy, ca. 900, of the Vulgate Gospels (Fischer 1988- 91: sigla Bm) with much of the Hieronymian prefatory material, liturgical tables and references, as well as evangelist portraits; appended are l lc OE lists of Leofric's donations to Exeter and relics given to the Exeter monastery by King JEthelstan (r. 924/25-939). Along with readings for feasts of St. Winwaloe, patron of the monastery at Landevennec, Brittany, Auct. D.2.16 also has many features shared with a roughly contemporary gospel manuscript known to have come from Landevennec (New York, Public Library MA 115, "The Harkness Gospels"). Thus, Auct. D.2.16 was likely written at Landevennec before that community migrated to Montreuil-sur-Mer in 924 to escape Norse incursions (Nicholson 1913: 13; Conner 1993: 6 and 171). Two illuminated leaves were supplied which are stylistically Flemish, and may have been done in a Flemish center, perhaps Liege, though a Flemish artist working in England in the first half of the l lc is not out of the question (Schilling 1948). [Note: See Madan and Craster 1922: no. 2719, 2.1.511-12 and Morey, Rand, and Kraeling 1931: 1.1-64, plus plates for discussion and facsimile; 1931: 2. 225-86 for connections to Auct. D.2.16; see also Alexander 1992: 77-82.] Leofric may have acquired the manuscript during his education on the Continent and he may have brought it to England in 1042, perhaps even commissioning the two replacement illuminations (Schilling 1948: 317; Drage 1978: 382; Alexander 1992: 82), but it may have come to England well before that, as did the very similar New York "Harkness Gospels;' which was in southwest England by the mid-1 0c, as were other Breton manuscripts (Huglo 1963: 70-71). Huglo suggests that JEthelstan acquired Auct. D.2.16 in his collecting of relics and manuscripts (Huglo 1985: 245- 52; cf. Alexander 1984: 89; Conner 2000: 133 and 151 n.58). Two quires were added at Exeter during or soon after Leofric's abbacy (1050-72), one detailing his donations to Exeter and the other listing 104 340. the relics donated by Æthelstan (Conner 1993: 171-87). In the late llc, the manuscript served as a model and exemplar, presumably at Exeter, for parts of the small gospel book, Paris, BN lat. 14782 (Alexander 1966 and 1992: 77-82). Auct. D.2.16 is not identifiable with any entries in the 1327 Exeter inventory, but it is described in the 1506 inventory, at which time it had been bound in an ornamental gold and silver binding (Oliver 1861: 323). This binding was subsequently lost, possibly during the Reformation (Drage 1978: 382). The manuscript was among those gifted by the Exeter Dean and Chapter to the Bodleian Library in 1602; it was subsequently rebound more than once, most recently in 1948. An old shelfmark 'Bod. 82 8' on f. lr

London, Lambeth Palace Library 149: Bede, "Explanatio Apocalypsis", Augustine, "De adulterinis coniugiis" (Bk. l); Augustine, "Enchiridion", Goscelin (?), "Vita S. Edwardi': Hugh of St. Victor, "De clericali disciplina': Augustine, "In Iohannis epistulam ad Parthos Tractatus X"

311. London, Lambeth Palace Library 149 Bede, "Explanatio Apocalypsis", Augustine, "De adulterinis coniugiis" (Bk. l); Augustine, "Enchiridion", Goscelin (?), "Vita S. Edwardi': Hugh of St. Victor, "De clericali disciplina': Augustine, "In Iohannis epistulam ad Parthos Tractatus X" [Ker 275; Gneuss 506

Describers' Preface

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Notes to Users

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