A REVIEW OF SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBORHOOD INDICATOR FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN LIBYA

ABSTRACT The sustainability of a neighborhood has a crucial role in preserving the environment for future generations. The development of neighborhoods consumes an excessive amount of land that needs to be protected. Libya must consider sustainable neighborhood indicators in its urban planning and design to allow future generations to benefit from such development. This paper focuses on issues that are related to the sustainable neighborhood indicators and development of Libya. Specifically, sustainable neighborhood development was investigated on the basis of shareholders, whereas the sustainable neighborhood indicators were examined in terms of their physical features and benefits. Results showed that sustainable neighborhood indicators of various countries are generally similar and only differ depending on their regional climate characteristics. This paper proposes several approaches for optimizing the sustainable neighborhood indicators of Libya

Soil Velocity Profile on Soft Soil using Seismic Refraction

Abstract. Soil velocity profile often used as subsurface characterization by using geophysical techniques. Seismic refraction is one of geophysical technique to determine primary wave (p-wave) velocity of the soil profile. In this paper, seismic refraction technique has been performed on two different types of soft soil (peat soil and Soft clay) for comparison of its p-wave velocity soil profile. From p-wave velocity soil profile comparison, its show the peat soil has soil velocity range from 211 m/s -534 m/s at depth of 0 -4 m while the soft clay show soil velocity range from 248 m/s -1842 m/s at depth of 0 -5.5 m

Soil Velocity Profile on Soft Soil using Seismic Refraction

Abstract. Soil velocity profile often used as subsurface characterization by using geophysical techniques. Seismic refraction is one of geophysical technique to determine primary wave (p-wave) velocity of the soil profile. In this paper, seismic refraction technique has been performed on two different types of soft soil (peat soil and Soft clay) for comparison of its p-wave velocity soil profile. From p-wave velocity soil profile comparison, its show the peat soil has soil velocity range from 211 m/s -534 m/s at depth of 0 -4 m while the soft clay show soil velocity range from 248 m/s -1842 m/s at depth of 0 -5.5 m

Overview of Leachability of Heavy Metals using Solidification/Stabilization Method Incorporated with Agricultural Wastes

Abstract.The solidification/stabilization (S/S) is one of the effective methods that are used for the heavy metals treatment. It was known that one of the main issues of this method is that the heavy metal is stayed inside the matrices, not destroyed nor adsorbed, which may cause serious problems for the environment once the matrices would be crashed. Agricultural wastes have shown a great capacity to the heavy metal adsorption from solid and liquid wastes. This paper reviews the incorporation of the agricultural wastes as heavy metals' adsorbents inside the matrices of the S/S method. In addition, changes in particle sizes, pre-treatment, temperature and other factors have also been discussed towards the heavy metal adsorption. Nevertheless, research regarding the incorporation of the agricultural wastes into the S/S method is very minimal, and almost all the previous researches were only focusing comprehensively on the leaching characteristics of the method. Introduction.Nowadays, Industrial production leaves enormous quantities of mineral wastes accompanied with toxic heavy metals like Cd, Hg, As and Pb. These heavy metals are generally considered the most toxic to humans and animals, without any beneficial effects to them. Thus, they may cause acute diseases for the human beings such as dullness, restlessness, irritability, anemia, neurological effects and other

pH Effect on Phosphorus Removal in Synthetic Wastewater by Using Electric Arc Furnace Lab-scale Filter

Abstract. Phosphorus is known as non-renewable source and due to its high levels of phosphorus in water body may lead to eutrophication problems. It may come from many sources such as industry, agriculture and from wastewater treatment plant. Large excessive of phosphorus may increase the purification cost and serious water quality problem because of the effect of algae toxin in water. Conventional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) requires lot of cost such as labour, capital and maintenance costs. Therefore, the lab-scale aerated steel slag filter (ASSF) emerged as an alternative method to remove phosphorus from water due to its simple and also low cost technology has been developed to overcome this problem. This lab-scale filter has been conducted by using synthetic wastewater for an eight weeks starting from 19 March until 4 th May 2014. This study is to investigate the effect of pH range from 4.5 to 7.5 and temperature for phosphorus removal mechanism. From this study, result shows that lab-scale ASSF achieve about 90% of phosphorus removal at pH 5.0. Based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, the steel slag is rich in Ca, Al and Fe which is enhance the P removal with the influence of pH for precipitation mechanism process in this experiment

Experimental Study for Phycoremediation of Botryococcus sp. On Greywater

Abstract. Greywater (GW) is identified as waste disposal from home activites that is discharging from laundry, bath and wash-basin. GW useful in irrigation of a garden and aids to reduce cost as well as maintain the environmental prosperity. This paper discussed the effectiveness of Botryococcus sp. to clean GW in phycoremediation treatment. This process involves as growing the Botryococcus sp. in the GW which is contributing to utilize supplements in GW for its grow. The results indicated that Botryococcus sp. is effective to reduce COD (88%), BOD (82%), TIC (76%), TC (58%), TN (52%), TOC (39%), Phosphate (37.5%) and pH (7%) for 100% concentration of GW. Meanwhile, for the 50% of GW concentration Botryococcus sp. capable to remove such as COD (83%), TIC (82%), BOD (68%), TN (67%), Phosphate (36.8%), TC (34%), TOC (31%) and pH (1.2%). Then, the study concludes that Botryococcus sp. can grow effectively in GW and be able to reduce the rate of nutrient in GW

Experimental Study for Phycoremediation of Botryococcus sp. On Greywater

Abstract. Greywater (GW) is identified as waste disposal from home activites that is discharging from laundry, bath and wash-basin. GW useful in irrigation of a garden and aids to reduce cost as well as maintain the environmental prosperity. This paper discussed the effectiveness of Botryococcus sp. to clean GW in phycoremediation treatment. This process involves as growing the Botryococcus sp. in the GW which is contributing to utilize supplements in GW for its grow. The results indicated that Botryococcus sp. is effective to reduce COD (88%), BOD (82%), TIC (76%), TC (58%), TN (52%), TOC (39%), Phosphate (37.5%) and pH (7%) for 100% concentration of GW. Meanwhile, for the 50% of GW concentration Botryococcus sp. capable to remove such as COD (83%), TIC (82%), BOD (68%), TN (67%), Phosphate (36.8%), TC (34%), TOC (31%) and pH (1.2%). Then, the study concludes that Botryococcus sp. can grow effectively in GW and be able to reduce the rate of nutrient in GW

Shearing Rate Effects On Research Centre For Soft Soils (Recess) Clay Using Cone Penetration Test (CPT)

Abstract. A wide range of industrial applications, on land and offshore, require the solution of time domain problems and an associated understanding of rate effects in clay soils. In recent decades many researchers have examined the correlation between shear strength of soils and variation of shear strain rate and it is generally accepted that the strength increases by 1-5% for each order of magnitude increase in shear strain rate. This paper discusses the effects of penetration rate on the penetration resistance (q c ) by using cone penetration test (CPT) test setup. The research had been conducted at RECESS and cone penetration test were used in three selected range of rate which were 0.5 cm/s, 1cm/s and 5cm/s. In addition, Mackintosh probe test had been considered as comparison with CPT test for the unconfined compressive strength. The result shows different penetration rate influenced the soil shear strength. For the slowest rate (0.5 cm/s), the shear strength was approximately 0.15% less compared to the standard rate (2 cm/s). However, for the highest rate (5 cm/s), the shear strength was 0.22% more than the reference rate (0.5 cm/s). In conclusion, it is suggested that the RECESS clay soil influenced by the rate effect and in agreement with previous research findings

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND THERMAL BEHAVIOUR OF TWO-STAGE CONCRETE CONTAINING PALM OIL FUEL ASH

ABSTRACT: Two-stage concrete (TSC) is a special type of concrete which is made by placing coarse aggregate in a formwork and injecting a grout either by pump or under the gravity force to fill the voids. Over the decades, the application of supplementary cementing materials in conventional concrete has become widespread, and this trend is expected to continue in TSC as well. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is one of the ashes which has been recognized as a good pozzolanic material. This paper presents the experimental results on the performance behaviour of POFA in developing physical and mechanical properties of two-stage concrete. Four concrete mixes namely, TSC with 100% OPC as a control, and TSC with 10, 20 and 30% POFA were cast, and the temperature growth due to heat of hydration and heat transfer in the mixes was recorded. It has been found that POFA significantly reduced the temperature rise in two-stage aggregate concrete and delayed the transfer of heat to the mass of concrete. The compressive and tensile strengths, however, increased with the replacement of up to 20% POFA. The results obtained and the observation made in this study suggest that the substitution of OPC by POFA is beneficial, particularly for prepacked mass concrete where thermal cracking due to extreme heat rise is of great importance

Fatigue Crack Inspection and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Precast RC Beam under Repetition Loading

Abstract. Fatigue crack of the precast reinforced concrete beam under repetition loading is vital to be examined. Reinforced concrete structures exposed to excessive repetition loading could lead to the failure of the structures. In order to examine the active fatigue crack, the reinforced concrete beams were subjected to three-point repetition maximum loading. Eight phases of maximum fatigue loading with sinusoidal wave, frequency of 1 Hz and 5000 cycles for each phase were performed on the reinforced concrete beams. The inspection was carried out with visual observation of the crack pattern and acoustic emission technique for each load phase. The signal strength of acoustic emission was investigated. It is found that the signal strength of acoustic emission and crack pattern of the reinforced concrete beam subjected to repetition loadings showed promising results for structural health monitoring