Western blot of GFP-Ta9 fusion protein detected with immune sera (A) and Ta9-specific affinity purified antibody (B).

<p>A: Lane 1; GFP-Ta9-1-335, 2; GFP-only. B: Lane 1; GFP-Ta9-1-335, 2; GFP-only. M: All Blue Standards (BioRad). Control anti-GFP antibody.</p

The level of Ta9 protein following Bw720c treatment.

<p>A: Hyper-immune sera; Lane 1: BL3 cells non-treated with Bw720c, 2: BL3 cells treated with Bw720c, 3: TBL3 cells non-treated with Bw720c, 4: TBL3 cells treated with Bw720c, 5: GFP-Ta9-1-335 aa. B: Ta9 specific affinity purified ab; Lane 1: BL3 cells non-treated with Bw720c, 2: BL3 cells treated with Bw720c, 3: TBL3 cells non-treated with Bw720c, 4: TBL3 cells treated with Bw720c. M: All Blue Standards (BioRad). Control anti-β-Tubulin.</p

Subcellular localization of Ta9.

<p>Nucleus; DAPI (excitation 325 nm, emission 460 nm, exposure time 50 msec), Ta9 (excitation 590 nm, emission 617 nm, exposure time 500 msec). Scale bar 10 μm.</p

Number of alleles detected by nine micro- and mini-satellite markers before and after buparvaquone treatments.

Number of alleles detected by nine micro- and mini-satellite markers before and after buparvaquone treatments.</p

MTT assay of <i>T</i>. <i>annulata</i> infected cell lines.

A.T. annulata isolates with low IC50 values (2–3 ng/mL). B. T. annulata isolates with medium IC50 values (3–7 ng/mL). C. T. annulata isolates with IC50 values over (7 ng/mL). Numbers on the x axis (-1, 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) indicates drug concentrations used to treat cell lines at doses of 0, 0.8, 7, 125, 1000 and 1500 ng/mL, respectively.</p

Fig 5 -

MTT assay of cloned cell lines from A10/BT (A) and A21/AT1 (B) isolates. Numbers on the x axis (-1, 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) indicates drug concentrations used to treat cell lines at doses of 0, 0.8, 7, 125, 1000 and 1500 ng/mL, respectively.</p

Geographical distribution of the parasite material used in the present study.

The geographical distribution of the provinces where the parasite material used in this study was obtained. The map was prepared using the USGS National Map Viewer (public domain): http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ with some modification. (TIF)</p

Ta9 constructs used for transfections.

<p>Ta9 constructs used for transfections.</p

Agarose gel electrophoresis of AS-PCR.

Gels showing detection of PCR amplicons of isolates with mutations V135A (A) and P253S (B), respectively. Products amplified using drug sensitive and resistance specific forward primers are given at the top and bottom of each gel, respectively. M, 100 bp molecular size marker (Thermo Scientific Corp.); lanes 1–16, products from template DNA of T. annulata samples; lanes S sensitive control, lanes R resistance control, lane X mixed control. (TIF)</p

Alignments of putative Q_o1 and Q_o2 domains of <i>Cyto b</i>.

Predicted amino acid sequences of Qo1 and Qo2 domains encoded by the Cyto b gene from the published T. annulata / C9 genome sequence and different T. annulata isolates with treatment failure history. Putative Qo1 and Qo2 domains are located between 116–144 and 238–273 amino acids of the protein around the ubiquinone binding site. Predicted amino acid substitutions associated with buparvaquone resistance are marked with ◊.</p