Inequality in the Literacy Levels in Pakistan: Existence and Changes Overtime

This paper attempts to identify the areas that are still lagging behind other parts of the country in terms of literacy levels and are unable to play their role in the velopment of human capital of the country. The analyses indicate that more than 75 per cent of the districts in the country are under-represented in terms of literacy levels. This includes a large portion of Balochistan province. A large proportion of the iterate population is concentrated in the national and provincial capitals. In general, Sindh lags behind in case of rural areas and NWFP in case of females. The analyses also dicate that the areas that are backward in terms of economic development are also those with low levels of literacy. Balochistan is the province that needs the greatest attention. An encouraging sign is the general decline in disparities in literacy levels over time. Moreover, the least literate areas have shown a significant improvement over time. wever, a lot of work needs to be put into these areas for them to come at par with other parts of the country.Pakistan; Literacy Levels; Inequality; Representation; Growth; Ranking; Census

An Analysis of Public Expenditure on Education in Pakistan

Achieving economic growth is an important goal of any country. However, in recent years it has increasingly been realised that economic growth is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for human development. Pakistan provides a good example of a country which has historically enjoyed a respectable GDP growth rate and yet failed to translate this positive development into a satisfactory level of human development. Since its independence in 1947, Pakistan’s development policies have focused primarily on realising high economic growth and only incidentally on the task of providing social necessities. Such a process has given rise to a structure of production and distribution which has been only indirectly responsive to social goals. However, there is now a growing realisation that we could have done much better had we stressed human resource investments relatively more.

Analysis of Public Expenditure on Education in Pakistan

This study attempts to analyse the priorities accorded to Education by the federal as well as the provincial governments. Since education is in large part a provincial responsibility, a comparative analysis of the performance of the public sector education in the four provinces of Pakistan would be useful to provide feedbacks to the provincial administrations of relative strengths and weaknesses of their educational system. Also, differences in priorities and performance among provinces provide useful insights, and, more importantly, raise many questions for planners. Such an analysis is also necessary for overall resource allocation. The analysis will be extended to district level but confined to Punjab and Sindh due to data constraints. The study will also examine the disparities in budget allocations to education in the two provinces.Education; Public expenditures; Pakistan

The Relationship between Federal Government Revenues and Expenditures in Pakistan

A sound fiscal policy is important to promote price stability and sustain growth in output and employment. Fiscal policy is regarded as an instrument that can be used to lessen short-run fluctuations in output and employment in many debates of macroeconomic policy. It can also be used to bring the economy to its potential level. If policymakers understand the relationship between government expenditure and government revenue, continuous government deficits can be prevented. Hence the relationship between government expenditure and government revenue has attracted significant interest. This is due to the fact that the relationship between government revenue and expenditure has an impact on the budget deficit. The causal relationship between government revenue and expenditure has remained an empirically debatable issue in the field of public finance. The question of which variable takes precedence over the other has been a central issue to this debate

Model Penataan Infrastruktur Dan Pengelolaan Penambang Emas Masyarakat Tradisional Berwawasan Lingkungan

Ciptaan ini berupa disertasi yang mengkaji tentang Model Pena Penambang Emas Masyarakat Tradisional erwawasan Lingkunga

An Analysis of Public Expenditure on Education in Pakistan

Achieving economic growth is an important goal of any country. However, in recent years it has increasingly been realised that economic growth is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for human development. Pakistan provides a good example of a country which has historically enjoyed a respectable GDP growth rate and yet failed to translate this positive development into a satisfactory level of human development. Since its independence in 1947, Pakistan’s development policies have focused primarily on realising high economic growth and only incidentally on the task of providing social necessities. Such a process has given rise to a structure of production and distribution which has been only indirectly responsive to social goals. However, there is now a growing realisation that we could have done much better had we stressed human resource investments relatively more. The Education For All (EFA) movement, started more than a decade ago in 1990, accelerated the process of human resource development in many developing countries. The EFA refers to the global commitment to ensure that all children would complete Primary Education of good quality. A decade after, the Millennium Declaration resolved to ensure, by 2015, that all children would be able to complete a course of primary education

Statistical analysis of the effect of machining parameters on fatigue life of aerospace grade aluminum alloy (AL 6082T6)

In this research work, aerospace grade aluminium alloy (Al 6082-T6) was analysed for the effect of cutting parameters on the fatigue life of the machined samples and optimization of cutting parameters for response factor. Different combinations of machining parameters were selected according to the ISO 3685 for sample preparation. Fatigue life of the samples was the response variable under investigation. Specimens for the rotating bending fatigue test were prepared according to the BS ISO 1143:2010 standards. The cutting inserts were selected from Sandvik Coromant catalogue recommended for machining of Al 6082-T6 alloy. A Designed of Experiment (DoE) with full factorial design was employed and a total of 81 experiments were performed for combination of cutting parameters. Fatigue life of the samples was observed to decreases with increasing feed rate, which is attributed to the compressive residual stresses at the surface of the samples. However, fatigue life increased with higher cutting speed and Depth of Cut (DoC)

Bleomycin induced pneumonitis: a case successfully managed with high-dose steroids

Bleomycin is a chemotherapeutic agent used in a number of solid organ malignancies.1-3 It accumulates in the skin and lungs resulting in skin ulceration and associated pulmonary toxicity. Its use is somewhat limited due to its significant pulmonary adverse effects with bleomycin induced pnemonitis (BIP) as the commonest and most dreaded complications. The overall incidence of pulmonary toxicity is as high as 10% and it is fatal in 1-2%.3,4 We present a case of BIP which was successfully managed by the aggressive use of high dose steroids with complete resolution

Indicators of the Innovation: The case of the United Kingdom

The purpose of this paper is to describe and identify key performance indicators of the innovation program landscape in the United Kingdom (UK). The identification will focus on the four categories: policy, culture, economy, and industry, and each category will use four indicators for a total 16 indicators. The nature of this research is mainly qualitative. This investigation uses one semi-structured interview based in the UK, combined with an examination of organizational documents. The research findings indicated high ratings for indicators in all four categories of culture, policy, economy, industry, averaging 90%, 90%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. The authors believe that this paper presents added value to the current literature and for practitioners of innovation programs, including governments, policy makers, funded organizations, and strategic institutions. Keywords: Innovation, technology commercialization, entrepreneurship, incubators, economic growth