La prison et la charité. les enjeux contradictoires de l'enfermement pour faute grave dans l'Ordre de Saint-Benoît à l'époque moderne

Réflexions préliminaires sur la question de l'enfermement pour faute grave dans l'ordre de Saint-Benoît à la période moderne, en partant de la Règle et de ses commentaires modernes ainsi que du texte de Mabillon sur les prisons monastiques

Increased plasma markers of oxidative stress are associated with coronary heart disease in males with diabetes mellitus and with 10-year risk in a prospective sample of males

Background: Increased oxidative stress is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). We examined the association between plasma markers of oxidative stress and CHD in a cross-sectional sample of patients with diabetes and prospective CHD risk in a sample of men predominantly without diabetes. Methods: Plasma total antioxidant status (TAOS) and the ratio of oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) to LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined in a cross-section of 761 Caucasian individuals with diabetes (UDACS study). Plasma TAOS was also determined in 310 baseline samples from a 10-year prospective cohort of 3012 healthy males (NPHSII). Results: Within UDACS, males with CHD had lower mean (SD) plasma TAOS [no CHD, 43.4 (13.2)%; CHD, 40.3 (13.8)%; P = 0.04]. The prevalence of CHD was higher in the lowest compared with the upper quartiles (32.7% vs 19.7%; P = 0.004). We observed a significant association between plasma Ox-LDL:LDL-C and CHD status [no CHD vs CHD, 16.9 (3.1) vs 19.3 (5.0) units/mmol; P = 0.04], with the prevalence of CHD being higher among men in the upper compared with lower quartiles (18.4% vs 35.1%; P = 0.003). No association was observed in females. In NPHSII, TAOS was lower in those who developed CHD [35.1 (8.0)% vs 37.1 (7.9)%; P = 0.04]. The odds ratio for CHD in the lowest compared with the upper quartile was 1.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.99–3.70; P = 0.04). This remained unchanged after adjustment for classic risk factors. Conclusions: A cross-sectional and prospective association exists between baseline plasma measures of oxidative stress and CHD risk. The association with prospective CHD risk remained after adjustment for "traditional" risk factors, implying an independent role for oxidative stress in CHD risk

Cérémonies extraordinaires dans le monachisme bénédictin aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles

International audienceL'analyse comparée des livres liturgiques du monachisme bénédictin à l'époque moderne trouve dans l'examen de la question des cérémonies extraordinaires un angle d'investigations original. Tant chez les hommes que chez les femmes, le monde monastique établit clairement la différence entre les cérémonies habituelles liées au calendrier liturgique y compris les spécificités spirituelles, dévotionnelles ou locales, et les cérémonies extraordinaires dont la particularité essentielle ne se situe pas forcément dans les actes qui les composent mais dans le fait qu'elles viennent s'ajouter de façon impromptue à la régularité de la vie monastique

Contours of Inclusion: Inclusive Arts Teaching and Learning

The purpose of this publication is to share models and case examples of the process of inclusive arts curriculum design and evaluation. The first section explains the conceptual and curriculum frameworks that were used in the analysis and generation of the featured case studies (i.e. Understanding by Design, Differentiated Instruction, and Universal Design for Learning). Data for the cases studies was collected from three urban sites (i.e. Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Boston) and included participant observations, student and teacher interviews, curriculum documentation, digital documentation of student learning, and transcripts from discussion forum and teleconference discussions from a professional learning community.The initial case studies by Glass and Barnum use the curricular frameworks to analyze and understand what inclusive practices look like in two case studies of arts-in-education programs that included students with disabilities. The second set of precedent case studies by Kronenberg and Blair, and Jenkins and Agois Hurel uses the frameworks to explain their process of including students by providing flexible arts learning options to support student learning of content standards. Both sets of case studies illuminate curricular design decisions and instructional strategies that supported the active engagement and learning of students with disabilities in educational settings shared with their peers. The second set of cases also illustrate the reflective process of using frameworks like Universal Design for Learning (UDL) to guide curricular design, responsive instructional differentiation, and the use of the arts as a rich, meaningful, and engaging option to support learning. Appended are curriculum design and evaluation tools. (Individual chapters contain references.

Peroxisome Proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene variation influences age of onset and progression of type 2 diabetes

Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism is important in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) is a master regulator of fatty acid catabolism, and PPAR activators delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. We examined association between three PPAR gene polymorphisms (an AC variant in intron 1, the L162V variant, and the intron 7 GC variant) and age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in 912 Caucasian type 2 diabetic subjects. Individually, PPAR gene variants did not influence age at diagnosis, but in combination, the rare alleles of both the intron 1 AC (P < 0.001) and intron 7 GC (P = 0.025) variants synergistically lowered age at diagnosis (interaction P < 0.001). Overall, the PPAR haplotype signficantly influenced age at diagnosis (P = 0.027), with the C-L-C and C-V-C haplotypes (intron 1-L162V-intron 7) accelerating onset of diabetes by 5.9 (P = 0.02) and 10 (P = 0.03) years, respectively, as compared with the common A-L-G haplotype, and was associated with an odds ratio for early-onset diabetes (age at diagnosis 45 years) of 3.75 (95% CI 1.65–8.56, P = 0.002). Intron 1 C-allele carriers also progressed more rapidly to insulin monotherapy (AA 9.4 ± 1.5 and AC + CC 5.3 ± 1.1 years, P = 0.002). These data indicate that PPAR gene variation influences the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes

Clinical decision making: managing postprandial hyperglycemia

The primary objective of treating all patients with diabetes is to establish and maintain near-normal blood glucose levels to prevent microvascular and macrovascular complications. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the accepted standard for monitoring overall glycemic control with treatments and management strategies traditionally targeting fasting and preprandial glucose levels. However, postprandial glucose levels also contribute to HbA1c, and optimization of glycemic control may also require targeting these values. Exaggerated postmeal glucose excursions are common in patients with diabetes, and postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Regular self-monitoring of blood glucose concentrations (SMBG) at appropriate times can detect PPHG, provide patient feedback regarding meals and lifestyle, and monitor response to therapy. SMBG can also help detect fluctuations in blood glucose levels, which may be an additional risk factor for complications, independent of HbA1c. New therapeutic options that specifically target postprandial glucose levels may improve overall glycemic control and reduce the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications

The platformization of cybersecurity: uncovering articulation work in bug bounty platforms

The article investigates the articulation work i.e., the coordination and adjustment needed for collaboration, that the platform model generates. It specifically focuses on bug bounty platforms, where independent security researchers (or “hackers”) report security vulnerabilities to client organizations for a reward. While most scholarship on bug bounty reveals how such platforms structure hackers’ labor, we look symmetrically and ask: How do bug bounty platforms shape the work of program managers on the client’s side? We use data from 13 semi-structured interviews with bug bounty managers and concepts from platform studies and computer supported cooperative work. Our study reveals, first, that managing a program requires four types of articulation work: 1. to attract quality hackers, 2. to manage the high number of reports 3. to find the internal asset owner, and 4. to negotiate the disclosure schedule with hackers. Second, managers consider this additional labor positively, despite some adversarial behaviors from hackers. This study makes a case to study how platforms shape labor on both the supply and the demand side and calls for further analysis of platform labor using the concept of articulation work

Colonizing the home as data-source: investigating the language of Amazon skills and Google actions

Multiple domains of life and everyday routine interactions have been targeted as key sites for shaping individuals’ behaviors according to companies’ data extractive expectations, in particular the home. The introduction of Digital Personal Assistants (DPA) such as Alexa and Google Assistant has been one of the ways through which companies have sought to push the frontiers of data extraction into the most private and intimate spaces of everyday life. In this article, we look at how the home has been positioned as a space for data extraction through Amazon “skills” and Google “actions”—programmable apps within the DPA. We conducted a thematic analysis of documents from both companies and present different dimensions through which the home is opened up for data extraction, a process we call the “data colonization” of the home