New and Simple Approach for Preventing Postoperative Peritoneal Adhesions: Do not Touch the Peritoneum without Viscous Liquid—A Multivariate Analysis

Background. Postoperative peritoneal adhesions (PPAs) are an unsolved and serious problem in abdominal surgery. Method. Viscous liquids of soybean oil, octyl methoxycinnamate, flax oil, aloe vera gel, and glycerol were used in five experiments, using the same methodology for each. Liquids were applied in the peritoneal cavity before and after mechanical peritoneal trauma. Results were evaluated by multivariate analysis. Results. Compared with the control group, macroscopic and microscopic adhesion values before (P < .001) and after (P < .05) application of viscous liquids significantly reduced PPAs. Values were significantly lower when liquids were applied before rather than after peritoneal trauma (P < .0001). Discussion. Viscous liquids injected into the peritoneal cavity before or after mechanical peritoneal trauma decrease PPA. Injection before trauma was more effective than after trauma. In surgical practice, PPA formation may be prevented or decreased by covering the peritoneal cavity with an appropriate viscous liquid before abdominal surgery

The Changes in Histopathology and Mass in Hyperbaric Oxygen-Treated Auricular Cartilage Grafts in a Rabbit Model

The aim of the study is to investigate the histopathologic and cartilage mass changes in hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)-treated auricular cartilage grafts either crushed or fascia wrapped in a rabbit model. This is a prospective, controlled experimental study. Sixteen rabbits were randomly allocated into control (n=8) and treatment groups (n=8). Each group was further grouped as crushed cartilage (n=4) and fascia wrapped crushed cartilage (n=4). The eight rabbits in the treatment group had HBO once daily for 10 days as total of 10 sessions. The mass of cartilage, cartilage edge layout, structural layout, staining disorders of the chondroid matrix, necrosis, calcification besides bone metaplasia, chronic inflammation in the surrounding tissues, fibrosis, and increased vascularity were evaluated in the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections. Fibrosis in the surrounding tissue and cartilage matrix was evaluated with Masson's trichrome stain. The toluidine blue staining was used to evaluate loss of metachromasia in matrix. The prevalence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining in chondrocytes was also evaluated. Although the remaining amount of cartilage mass after implantation does not show a significant difference between the control and the study group (p=0.322, p <0.05).The difference between control and study group in terms of positive staining with GFAP was statistically significant (p=0.01, p <0.05). Necrosis and loss of matrix metachromasia were significantly low in the study group compared with control group (p=0.001, p=0.006, p <0.05). HBO therapy did not have significant effect on the mass of rabbit auricular cartilage graft. HBO therapy significantly reduced loss of metachromasia, necrosis, and GFAP staining in the auricular cartilage grafts of the animal model

Cytological features of pure micropapillary carcinoma of various organs: A report of eight cases

Micropapillary carcinoma (MPC) is a rare aggressive tumor, which generally accompanies the primary carcinoma of the organ of its origin, while the pure form is extremely uncommon. Angiolymphatic involvement is widespread and a considerable proportion of the cases present with metastases. The current study presents eight pure MPC cases arising from the breast (n=3), urinary bladder (n=3), parotid gland (n=1) and lung (n=1, presenting with pericardial effusion), with the cytological findings. The eight patients included three female and five male cases aged between 48 and 74 years. The most common cytological findings were three-dimensional aggregates, cell clusters with angulated or scalloped borders, single cells with a columnar configuration and eccentric nuclei, and high-grade nuclear features. Histopathological sections showed accompanying in situ ductal carcinoma in the cases of MPC arising in the parotid gland and breast (n=3), and one case in the bladder exhibited only in situ MPC. The average follow-up period was 20 months (range, 6-54 months) and, during this period, three patients succumbed to the disease. At present, four patients are alive with disease and one patient is alive and disease-free. In conclusion, cytology is an important tool for the diagnosis and management of MPC

Diagnostic and prognostic value of tumor M2-pyruvate kinase levels in patients with colorectal cancer

Background/aims: Screening for precancerous lesions is important for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal tumors. We investigated M2-pyruvate kinase levels in patients with colorectal polyps and carcinoma and assessed factors affecting M2-pyruvate kinase levels. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five patients who had undergone colonoscopic examination and who were diagnosed with a neoplastic lesion were included. Patients were divided into two groups according to the macroscopic diagnosis of polyp or carcinoma. According to histopathological evaluation, specimens were grouped as nonneoplastic lesions, tubular adenoma, tubulovillous adenoma and adenocarcinoma. M2-pyruvate kinase levels were measured with the Tumor M2-pyruvate kinase ELISA kit. Results: Mean M2-pyruvate kinase levels were 76.1 +/- 57.73 (13.1-288.22) IU / ml. We did not find a correlation between M2-pyruvate kinase levels and age, gender, smoking, alcohol and aspirin consumption and colorectal cancer family history. There was a relationship between body mass index and M2-pyruvate kinase level (p=0.022). The carcinoma group had the highest levels of M2-pyruvate kinase both endoscopically and histopathologically (p=0.009, p=0.019 respectively). M2-pyruvate kinase levels of patients who died were significantly higher than patients who survived (p=0.001). Enzyme values were significantly lower in diabetic patients than nondiabetics (p=0.04); and chronic renal failure patients had higher levels (p=0.045). Conclusion: Serum M2-pyruvate kinase levels may be useful in distinguishing malignant and benign lesions of the colon and may provide insight in terms of survival