Online Information Seeking: Understanding Individual Differences and Search Contexts

This paper outlines a broad research agenda aimed at examining the manner in which individual differences in information seeking behavior interact with the search task to affect search outcomes. As part of this agenda, we describe specific experimentation that will assess the impact of both Need for Cognition (the tendency to elaborate upon, structure and evaluate information) and Self- and Other-Orientation (gender-related traits that tap independent versus interdependent characteristics) on the search outcomes that arise in attribute- versus alternative-based decision making. We hypothesize that among individuals identified by these instruments as having a high propensity for effortful search, we will observe more detailed search strategies but also will see a greater tendency for information overload. Conversely, those who are more prone to superficial search may appear to be more efficient, but may be sacrificing accuracy for speed

Phase II trial of hypomethylating agent combined with nivolumab for acute myeloid leukaemia relapse after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation—Immune signature correlates with response

SummaryAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) relapse after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) is often driven by immune‐related mechanisms and associated with poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with hypomethylating agents (HMA) may restore or enhance the graft‐versus‐leukaemia effect. Still, data about using this combination regimen after allo‐HCT are limited. We conducted a prospective, phase II, open‐label, single‐arm study in which we treated patients with haematological AML relapse after allo‐HCT with HMA plus the anti‐PD‐1 antibody nivolumab. The response was correlated with DNA‐, RNA‐ and protein‐based single‐cell technology assessments to identify biomarkers associated with therapeutic efficacy. Sixteen patients received a median number of 2 (range 1–7) nivolumab applications. The overall response rate (CR/PR) at day 42 was 25%, and another 25% of the patients achieved stable disease. The median overall survival was 15.6 months. High‐parametric cytometry documented a higher frequency of activated (ICOS$^{+}$, HLA‐DR$^{+}$), low senescence (KLRG1$^{−}$, CD57$^{−}$) CD8$^{+}$ effector T cells in responders. We confirmed these findings in a preclinical model. Single‐cell transcriptomics revealed a pro‐inflammatory rewiring of the expression profile of T and myeloid cells in responders. In summary, the study indicates that the post‐allo‐HCT HMA/nivolumab combination induces anti‐AML immune responses in selected patients and could be considered as a bridging approach to a second allo‐HCT. Trial‐registration: EudraCT‐No. 2017‐002194‐18